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Cell Metab:删掉这个基因,寿命就能延长60%

2015-10-15 王丢兜 煎蛋网

经过一项持续10年的努力研究,研究者们发现了238个负责老化的特定基因,这些基因一旦被删除,在实验室测试中会显著延长酵母细胞寿命。如果这种基因编辑结果可以复制在人类身上——这是可能的,因为很多基因和遗传通路也存在于更高级生命形式中——我们也许可以通过关闭老化过程来大大提升人类寿命。研究者们发现在某些情况下酵母的寿命可以延长多达60%。“这项研究着眼于整个基因组的衰老,并带给我们衰老是什么的一个更完

经过一项持续10年的努力研究,研究者们发现了238个负责老化的特定基因,这些基因一旦被删除,在实验室测试中会显著延长酵母细胞寿命。

如果这种基因编辑结果可以复制在人类身上——这是可能的,因为很多基因和遗传通路也存在于更高级生命形式中——我们也许可以通过关闭老化过程来大大提升人类寿命。研究者们发现在某些情况下酵母的寿命可以延长多达60%。

“这项研究着眼于整个基因组的衰老,并带给我们衰老是什么的一个更完整图景,”美国巴克老龄研究所主席和CEO及研究第一作者Brian Kennedy说“它还建立了一个框架来定义影响有机体老化的整个网络。”

与来自华盛顿大学的研究者们一起,巴克研究所辛苦地检查了4,698个不同酵母菌株的发育,每个都删除了一个单一的基因。研究者们计数了每个菌株中的细胞,以跟踪它们各自的复制寿命,监测母细胞通过细胞分裂最终能产生多少个子细胞。

“我们有一个小针头连接在显微镜上,每次分裂,我们就用这个针头把子细胞从母细胞分开,然后计数母细胞分裂多少次,”Kennedy说,“我们有好几台显微镜一直在运行。”

该过程可能非常微妙/耗时/或其它的令人不能忍,但它能产生结果。研究者们确定了在酵母中负责老化的238个基因,当去除掉它们时,会延长个体菌株的寿命。虽然这些基因中的小部分科学家们已经知道会影响衰老,但其它189个是首次发现与衰老过程有关,这给了我们至今最全面的研究者们称之为酵母“保守的老化机制”的看法。

虽然酵母寿命持续时间通常可能不会让你彻夜难眠,不过有几个原因也许会让你睡不着,至少从基因角度来看,使面包发面(和啤酒起泡)的成分与你我有不少的共同点。

“几乎一半我们发现影响衰老的基因在哺乳动物中得到保存,”Kennedy说,“理论上,任何这些因素都可能成为延长健康寿命的治疗目标。我们现在要做的就是找出哪些是适于进行针对的。”

对抗人类衰老的理论应用是巨大的,只要研究者们确实能找出哪些基因组适合进行改变。特别是当你考虑到这些基因删除中有些有多有效时,发表在《细胞代谢》上的研究中最惊人的结果中,研究者们发现移除一种叫做LOS1的基因会延长酵母寿命60%。

LOS1参与建造蛋白质的过程,但它也与和热量限制及DNA损伤控制相关的单独基因有关系。
“很久以来已经知道限制热量摄入能延长寿命,”Kennedy说,“DNA损伤反应也与老化有关,LOS1也许联系着这些不同过程。”

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    2016-01-15 一闲
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    2016-03-04 guojianrong
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    2016-05-05 智智灵药
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    2015-10-16 lixh1719

    我更关心的是这些基因的生理功能和敲除后细胞会不会出现功能障碍

    0

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女性,58岁,因出现直肠间歇性排出鲜红血液,疲乏和进行性呼吸困难而来院就诊。据其主诉,她从小便有自发性鼻出血反复发作病史,但她从来没有去做过全面的检查。此外,她称其母亲也出现过跟她类似的频繁性鼻出血和皮肤病变。体格检查发现其唇黏膜毛细血管扩张(如图A所示)和有甲襞(如图B所示)。实验室检查结果显示,该患者有重度缺铁性贫血(血红蛋白水平为8.1g/dl,平均红细胞体积为72fl), 下消化道内窥镜检

Nat Med:都是肠癌也有不同 对症治疗是正道

近日,一项最新研究指出,虽然都叫结肠直肠癌(colorectal cancer),但根据生物学特性不同,结肠直肠癌可以被分为四种不同的疾病。这项研究将帮助医生根据不同的肠癌类型采取不同的治疗措施,并促进不同靶向治疗药物的开发。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Nature medicine上。   这项由多个国家的科学家共同完成的研究将许多不同的结肠直肠癌研究数据汇集到一起获得了世界上

NEJM:皮肤胶原血管病-案例报道

女性,38岁,既往有广泛性、无疼痛的皮疹病史2年余。体格检查可见,其身上存在多发性的毛细血管扩张现象,尤其是在四肢部位,病变的部位压之可褪色(如图A和B所示)。指甲和黏膜组织未见此现象。对其进行自身免疫筛查,颈、胸腹CT,静脉多普勒超声和腿部的血管造影等等,结果均为正常的。从腹壁上取活体组织作病理检查,发现真皮上层的微血管扩张,血管玻璃样变(凸显期酸–希夫和IV型胶原染色,图C所示),另外肥大细胞

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