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氟比洛芬酯诱发严重支气管痉挛一例

2017-11-15 佚名 临床麻醉学杂志

患者,男,40岁,74kg,因“鼻息肉、慢性鼻窦炎”拟全麻下行“鼻内窥镜鼻窦术”。

【一般资料】

患者,男,40岁,74kg

【主诉】

因“鼻息肉、慢性鼻窦炎”拟全麻下行“鼻内窥镜鼻窦术”。

【既往史】

既往健康状况一般,否认传染病史,有哮喘一年,药物控制。否认有其它药物过敏史。

【体格检查】

T36.5℃,HR90次/分,RR18次/分,BP145/85mmHg。心肺腹未见明显异常。专科检查:双侧鼻腔黏膜苍白水肿,双鼻腔见荔枝肉样新生物,右侧完全堵塞鼻腔,左侧仅鼻底少许缝隙,中鼻道、中鼻甲结构不清。

【辅助检查】

血常规、肝肾功能及电解质正常,ECG示窦性心律。入室后开放静脉通道,连接监护持续监测BP、HR、ECG、SpO2。

【治疗】

静注咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg、舒芬太尼0.25μg/kg、丙泊酚2mg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,气管插管平稳、顺利,机控呼吸:VT500ml、RR12次/分,于气管导管开口处连接监测PETCO2。麻醉维持:持续泵注瑞芬太尼0.5~1.0μg·kg-1·min-1、丙泊酚4~6mg·kg-1·h-1,间断静注罗库溴铵每次15mg。术中各项生命体征平稳,PETCO2始终维持在32~38mmHg。手术历时1h15min顺利结束。手术结束前5min抽取桡动脉血查血气,结果显示:pH7.33,PaO2410mmHg,PaCO240mmHg,BE-2.5mmol/L,Lac2.0mmol/L。术毕停止泵药,患者自主呼吸恢复好。为预防瑞芬太尼停药后的痛觉过敏,减轻拔管应激反应,静注氟比洛芬酯10mg,准备拔管。4min后患者突然出现呼气性呼吸困难,气道压力升高。立即改机控呼吸为手控,同时气管导管内吸引出少量分泌物,听诊双肺出现明显哮鸣音,静脉滴注地塞米松10mg,氨茶碱250mg静推,沙丁胺醇喷雾剂气管导管内连续喷5揿(约500μg),气道压力未见明显改善,但SpO2始终维持在98%以上。继续手控呼吸,此时患者ECG显示频发室性早搏,三联率与二联律交替出现,静脉分次给予1%利多卡因7ml+5ml,转为室性心动过速,室率160次/分,立即行同步电复律,选择双向波能量180J电击一次,同时静脉注射胺碘酮150mg,未能纠正,室率升至200次/分,再行两次电复律,心律转为窦性,HR130次/分,期间血压一直在正常范围内波动,持续滴注胺碘酮维持HR并急查血气,结果显示:pH7.03,PaO2360mmHg,PaCO297mmHg,BE-3.5mmol/L,K+7.0mmol/L。双肺仍有明显干啰音,加用氢化可的松300mg,并打断呼吸镇静,给予咪唑安定3mg、舒芬太尼5μg、维库溴铵4mg,转ICU继续机械通气治疗。在ICU治疗期间,用纤维支气管镜检查可明显观察到患者呼气期气道痉挛狭窄,静脉注射氯胺酮50mg后气道痉挛明显减轻,后经过利尿、降钾、纠酸、过度通气等治疗,患者血气结果正常,于次日晨意识清醒后拔出气管导管,安全送回病房,5d后患者治愈出院。

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    2017-11-17 apoenzyme

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