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Lancet:TIA或缺血性卒中后预防复发性卒中,越早服用阿司匹林越好

2016-05-19 崔倩 译 MedSci原创

临床试验表明阿司匹林可以降低复发性卒中13%的长期风险,因此阿司匹林被推荐用于短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或缺血性脑卒中的二级预防。然而,主要的卒中风险是只有在TIA和轻度缺血性脑卒中后的最初几天很高,观察研究表明在急性期的早期治疗比长期的试验有更多的好处。研究人员假设早期阿司匹林的短期效益被低估了。研究人员汇集了所有阿司匹林 vs 对照用于TIA或缺血性卒中二级预防随机试验的患者数据,研究人员研究

临床试验表明阿司匹林可以降低复发性卒中13%的长期风险,因此阿司匹林被推荐用于短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或缺血性脑卒中的二级预防。然而,主要的卒中风险是只有在TIA和轻度缺血性脑卒中后的最初几天很高,观察研究表明在急性期的早期治疗比长期的试验有更多的好处。研究人员假设早期阿司匹林的短期效益被低估了。

研究人员汇集了所有阿司匹林 vs 对照用于TIA或缺血性卒中二级预防随机试验的患者数据,研究人员研究了阿司匹林对于卒中复发风险和严重程度的影响,通过在下列时间段进行分层:随机分组后小于6周、6-12周、超过12周。研究人员比较了治疗组之间早期复发性卒中严重程度,通过改良Rankin量表(mRS)得分进行分析。为了理解作用的机制,研究人员还研究了在卒中的二级预防中,阿司匹林和双嘧达莫的效果之间的相互作用的时间过程。在进一步的分析中,研究人员从阿司匹林 vs 对照治疗主要急性卒中后不到48小时的患者试验中,通过基线神经功能缺损严重程度分层,建立阿司匹林对复发性缺血性卒中的风险效果的早期时间过程,以及基线的严重程度是如何影响这种效果的差异。

研究人员汇集了12项阿司匹林 vs 对照的二级预防试验数据,共有15778名参与者。阿司匹林可以减少约60%复发性缺血性卒中的6周风险(阿司匹林组的8452名参与者有84名参与者发生缺血性卒中 VS 175/7326;风险比[HR] 0.42,95%CI 0.32-0.55,p<0.0001),并减少致残或致死性缺血性卒中70%的风险(36/8452 VS 110/7326;0.29,0.20-0.42,p<0.0001),TIA或轻微卒中患者有最大益处(在0-2周时,阿司匹林组6691名参与者中的2例TIA或轻微卒中患者 vs 对照组5726名参与者中的23例患者发生致死性卒中,HR 0.07,95 %CI 0.02-0.31,p=0.0004;在0-6周,分别有14 VS 60名参与者发生致死亡卒中,0.19,0.11-0.34,p<0.0001)。阿司匹林对早期复发性缺血性中风的效果部分原因是严重程度的大幅减少(mRS分析比值比[OR] 0.42,0.26-0.70,P=0.0007)。这些作用独立于剂量,病人的特点,或TIA或卒中的病因。从6到12周,单独阿司匹林与对照相比,可进一步减少缺血性卒中的风险,但在12周以后没有任何益处(卒中的风险0.97,0.84-1.12,P=0.67;严重的mRS OR为1.00,0.77-1.29,p=0.97)。相比之下,双嘧达莫加阿司匹林 vs 单独使用阿司匹林在12周内对复发性缺血性卒中的风险和严重程度没有影响(OR 0.90,95%CI 0.65-1.25,P=0.53; mRS OR为0.90,0.37-1.72,p=0.99),但双嘧达莫确实降低之后的风险(0.76,0.63-0.92,p=0.005),特别是致残或致命性缺血性卒中的风险(0.64,0.49-0.84,p=0.0010)。研究人员从阿司匹林 vs 对照治疗急性脑卒中的3项试验中汇集了40531名参与者的数据。在不太严重的基线缺陷患者中,第14天时反复缺血性卒中风险的降低最为明显,并且在开始治疗第二天就开始见效(2-3天的HR 0.37,95%Cl:0.25-0.57,p<0.0001)。

该研究结果证实,治疗可大大降低TIA和轻微卒中后早期卒中复发的危险,并确定阿司匹林作为重点干预措施。对患者进行TIA后服用阿司匹林自我救治,对患者有相当大的好处。先前的研究没有意识到阿司匹林对早期复发卒中的严重程度有影响,并且随着长期的使用效益会递减,双嘧达莫的对比时间效果对于认识作用机制有影响。

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    2016-05-19 不是我

    刷积分也太明显了

    0

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