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皮肤溃烂的罕见胰高血糖素瘤

2011-06-07 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

两年前,安徽的张女士洗澡时无意间发现自己的腰部长了3个绿豆大小的红斑,且有些瘙痒。她就诊于当地卫生院,局部涂抹了医生开的外用药,但一直未见好转。此后,正是这3颗红斑给张女士带来了噩梦般的生活。   张女士的先生告诉记者,两年前妻子身体非常好,什么疾病也没有,还能下地干农活,但是自从发现腰上长了这几个小红斑后,由于红斑的面积渐渐地越来越大且非常痒,妻子不停地抓挠,随后皮肤开始溃烂。在当地和南京其他

两年前,安徽的张女士洗澡时无意间发现自己的腰部长了3个绿豆大小的红斑,且有些瘙痒。她就诊于当地卫生院,局部涂抹了医生开的外用药,但一直未见好转。此后,正是这3颗红斑给张女士带来了噩梦般的生活。

  张女士的先生告诉记者,两年前妻子身体非常好,什么疾病也没有,还能下地干农活,但是自从发现腰上长了这几个小红斑后,由于红斑的面积渐渐地越来越大且非常痒,妻子不停地抓挠,随后皮肤开始溃烂。在当地和南京其他医院看了许多次,有的医生说是“湿疹”,有的医生怀疑是“天胞疮”,用了许多药物,花费了约30 万元,花光了家里所有的积蓄,但始终不见疗效。很快张女士的腰背部、胸腹、颈部、四肢、面部的皮肤都开始溃烂。尤其是夏季,天气炎热,张女士破损的皮肤、水泡和衣服粘连在一起,由于无法动身,只能简单地擦擦没有破损的皮肤,难闻的气味不时散发出来,又疼又痒,使得张女士根本无法入睡。张女士的丈夫看在眼里急在心里。

  张女士的病情十分复杂,出现了严重的低蛋白血症,有生命危险,当地医院建议他们转到江苏省人民医院就医。

  病情危重的张女士被先生抬着来到了江苏省人民医院,普外科胆胰组立即组织了皮肤科、呼吸科等多科室的多位专家会诊。由于患者无任何疾病史,只是偶尔出现血糖升高,专家建议对其行进一步检查。CT检查发现张女士的胰腺尾部有低密度占位性病变;反复多次监测发现张女士的胰高血糖素值竟然高达1600 pg/L(正常值为 50—100 pg/ml)。此时张女士结痂的皮肤还在不断地冒出新水疱,继而破溃,使其痛苦不堪。结合CT检查结果,胆胰外科专家考虑张女士所患的是非常罕见的高胰高血糖素瘤。

图1  病理检查示胰体尾神经内分泌肿瘤累及脂肪潜在恶性

 

图2  病理检查示胰体尾神经内分泌肿瘤局灶累及周围胰腺及脂肪组织

 

 图3   胰腺尾部的肿瘤被成功切除,病理检查证实为胰高血糖素瘤     

 

       据江苏省人民医院普外科苗毅主任和钱祝银主任介绍,胰高血糖素瘤是一种非常罕见的疾病,发病率仅为1例/2000万人。胰高血糖素瘤细胞分泌过量的胰高血糖素,临床主要表现为反复的皮肤游走型坏死性红斑,口角、唇、舌等部位的慢性炎症,指甲松动,贫血,糖尿病和严重的低蛋白血症等。因张女士的皮肤破损后色素沉着,咋看像是重度烧伤患者。此病罕见所以诊断非常困难,但是一旦确诊就必须立即手术切除肿瘤,否则患者病情会日益加重。

  考虑到张女士的基础状况非常差,耐受不了创伤很大的手术,所以最好能在尽量不切除其他脏器,尤其是脾脏的基础上为其实施手术切除。对此,苗毅主任、钱祝银主任和其他科室专家一起反复商议,决定为张女士实施“保留脾脏的胰体尾部切除”手术。经过近4个小时的努力,张女士胰腺尾部一个兵乓球大小的肿瘤被成功切除,病理检查证实为胰高血糖素瘤。

  术后第二天,奇迹逐步开始在张女士身上出现。血糖值在正常范围之内了,原来破损的皮肤创面开始慢慢地愈合,瘙痒和疼痛的感觉也逐渐消失。到张女士出院时,其全身的皮肤破损已经完全结痂愈合,而且生活完全可以自理,张女士一家非常高兴。

  钱祝银主任称,目前胰高血糖素瘤的病因尚不完全明确,在该院历史上,仅收治过4例如此患者,但在全国已属最大病例组之一了。以前由于手术技术的局限,手术创伤都很大,需要实施包括胰十二指肠切除或胰腺体尾部脾脏切除术。张女士应该是比较幸运的患者,能成功战胜病魔,很快康复,这和手术中的保留脾脏是有很大关联的。脾脏虽小,但却是很重要的免疫器官,可提高患者抗感染能力,所以在胰腺切除手术中,专家们精准定位,不“滥杀”无辜脏器也是手术获得成功的基础之一。(吴倪娜 卫积书)

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    2011-06-09 hbwxf
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    2011-06-09 syscxl
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