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新生儿糖尿病与单基因突变

2015-02-04 北京协和医院内分泌科 肖新华 医学论坛网

新生儿糖尿病的概念和临床特征 新生儿糖尿病的确是个非常罕见的疾病,但并不是一个新的疾病,而是一个非常古老的疾病。目前,我们所指的新生儿糖尿病一般是在出生后6个月内出现的糖尿病。过去,我们对这类疾病的认识并不是很充分,对它的致病基因及病因也不是非常清楚。因此,过去我们往往将其误诊为1型糖尿病,并给予终身胰岛素治疗。 实际上,新生儿糖尿病可以分为暂时性新生儿糖尿病与永久性新生儿糖尿病两大部

新生儿糖尿病的概念和临床特征

新生儿糖尿病的确是个非常罕见的疾病,但并不是一个新的疾病,而是一个非常古老的疾病。目前,我们所指的新生儿糖尿病一般是在出生后6个月内出现的糖尿病。过去,我们对这类疾病的认识并不是很充分,对它的致病基因及病因也不是非常清楚。因此,过去我们往往将其误诊为1型糖尿病,并给予终身胰岛素治疗。

实际上,新生儿糖尿病可以分为暂时性新生儿糖尿病与永久性新生儿糖尿病两大部分。所谓暂时性新生儿糖尿病一般指的是,患者发病后最多可在不超过一年半的时间内自行缓解,往往容易在青春期前后复发。而所谓永久性新生儿糖尿病,顾名思义,患病后终身都需要接受治疗。

不论是暂时性新生儿糖尿病还是永久性新生儿糖尿病,都有一个很重要的特征——宫内发育不良即低出生体重。此外,这类糖尿病通常发病较早,大部分都是在出生后一个月或3个月以内发病,因此,一般出生后6个月以内发病的糖尿病我们都称之为新生儿糖尿病。

新生儿糖尿病的发病机制研究及治疗进展

近十年来,学术界对新生儿糖尿病的认识取得了非常大的进展,包括新生儿糖尿病的遗传背景、基础、治疗等方面。现在,人们已经至少发现了21种新生儿糖尿病致病基因。50%-60%的新生儿糖尿病都是一种KCN11或ABCC8两种致病基因突变所致。

就治疗而言,新生儿糖尿病一般不需要应用胰岛素治疗,口服降糖药物效果可能更好。对新生儿糖尿病分子机制,尤其是致病基因的研究对实现患者的个体化治疗及个体化指导是非常有价值的。另外,研究也发现了一些问题。利用现有基因,对临床观察到的新生儿糖尿病进行筛查时发现,仍然有30%-40%的患者通过已知基因是筛查不到的。这就提示,新生儿糖尿病可能存在未知新致病基因。对这些未知新致病基因进行研究与鉴定是非常有价值的。

要想了解某种基因在糖尿病发病中所起的作用,我们过去可能需要利用动物模型,通过基因敲除来了解基因功能,而新生儿糖尿病患者可以说是一种研究糖尿病疾病基因的天然模型,因为动物研究的结果不一定能在人体上进行重复,所以新生儿糖尿病这种天然模型对我们进一步深入了解糖尿病的发病机制,尤其是胰岛素分泌的网络调控机制以及对未来新药研发有非常重要的价值。


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20389, encodeId=846b20389cd, content=AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16698, encodeId=8fa0166987d, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sun Feb 22 09:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16263, encodeId=e50816263f7, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15953, encodeId=ea531595307, content=H, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-11 x35042875

    AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20389, encodeId=846b20389cd, content=AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16698, encodeId=8fa0166987d, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sun Feb 22 09:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16263, encodeId=e50816263f7, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15953, encodeId=ea531595307, content=H, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-22 orthoW

    不错的文章,学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20389, encodeId=846b20389cd, content=AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16698, encodeId=8fa0166987d, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sun Feb 22 09:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16263, encodeId=e50816263f7, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15953, encodeId=ea531595307, content=H, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-17 chinayinhan

    已阅

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20389, encodeId=846b20389cd, content=AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16698, encodeId=8fa0166987d, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sun Feb 22 09:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16263, encodeId=e50816263f7, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15953, encodeId=ea531595307, content=H, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    H

    0

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