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JAMA:成人社区获得性肺炎的抗生素治疗系统性回顾

2016-02-12 MedSci MedSci原创

抗生素治疗是药物管理社区获得性肺炎的基础。 为了评估抗生素治疗的3个主要方面(最佳使用时间,初次药物选择,从静脉到口服过渡的标准)与成人住院期间社区获得性肺炎短期死亡率的关系。

抗生素治疗是药物管理社区获得性肺炎的基础。

为了评估抗生素治疗的3个主要方面(最佳使用时间,初次药物选择,从静脉到口服过渡的标准)与成人住院期间社区获得性肺炎短期死亡率的关系。

选择MEDLINE, EMBASE的数据资料,查阅Cochrane Collaboration的关于影像学确诊的社区获得性肺炎的研究,从1995年1月1日到2015年12月5日。

20项研究(17项观察性研究和3项随机试验)符合标准。4个大型的观察性研究(研究人群2878 到1170022)发现在入院后4-8小时开始使用抗生素可降低5%-43%的死亡率;4个最小型的研究(人群451到2076))发现抗生素使用时间与死亡率无关。

一项群随机试验(n=1737)证明了β-内酰胺(n = 506) vs β-内酰胺加大环内酯治疗 (n = 566)的非劣效性, 绝对差异调整为2.5%(90% CI,−0.6%到90%),90天的死亡率支持β-内酰胺单药治疗。另一个随机试验(n = 580)未能证明的β-内酰胺单药vsβ-内酰胺 +大环内酯物治疗的非劣效性,绝对差异7.6%(单侧90%CI上限,13%)在住院7天支持β-内酰胺 +大环内酯物联合治疗达到临床稳定。

8项观察性研究中的6项(研究人群1188到24 780)发现β-内酰胺+大环内酯联合治疗可减少26%到68%的短期死亡率,3观察性研究(研究人群2068-24 780)报道,氟喹诺酮类单药治疗与β-内酰胺单药治疗相比可减少30%到43%的死亡率。一项随机试验(n = 302)报告显著降低医院住院时间(绝对差,1.9天;95%CI,0.6至3.2天),但在使用客观标准决定病人从静脉到口服用药失败时无显著差异。

结论:对住院的成人社区获得性肺炎,抗生素选用β-内酰胺加大环内酯类或喹诺酮类单药治疗,在住院后4-8小时开始用药与较低的调整后短期死亡率相关,主要由较低质量的观察性研究支持。一项随机的临床试验支持使用客观的临床标准指导从静脉向口服抗生素的过渡。

原始出处:

Jonathan S. Lee, MD; Daniel L. Giesler, MD, PharmD et al,Antibiotic Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia,A Systematic Review,JAMA. 2016;315(6):593-602. 


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    2016-02-28 忠诚向上

    冇用

    0

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    2016-02-28 忠诚向上

    学习三个月

    0

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    2016-02-14 xiaoju

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