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Am J Respir Crit Care Med:氯己定敷贴降低ICU患者感染风险

2013-01-09 Am J Respir Crit Care Med dxy 士心 sd3212

  重症监护病房(ICU)患者中容易发生血管内导管相关性感染(CRIs),而经氯己定浸渍过的高黏附性敷贴可降低导管上的细菌定植和血管内导管相关性感染的发病率,2012年12月15日出版的《美国呼吸与重症医学杂志》上一项研究得出了上述结论。该研究同时发现,使用高粘附性敷贴可减少敷贴脱落,但是会增加皮肤和导管上的细菌定植。   研究由法国拉特龙什市Albert Bonniot研究所Jean

  重症监护病房(ICU)患者中容易发生血管内导管相关性感染(CRIs),而经氯己定浸渍过的高黏附性敷贴可降低导管上的细菌定植和血管内导管相关性感染的发病率,2012年12月15日出版的《美国呼吸与重症医学杂志》上一项研究得出了上述结论。该研究同时发现,使用高粘附性敷贴可减少敷贴脱落,但是会增加皮肤和导管上的细菌定植。

  研究由法国拉特龙什市Albert Bonniot研究所Jean-François Timsit 及其同事共同进行。

  研究对象主要为自2010年5月到2011年7月期间,在法国12家重症监护病房内的、接受了血管内导管插入且预期其导管留置时间将持续48小时或48小时以上的患者。研究者对受试者使用氯己定敷贴、高黏附性敷贴、以及标准敷贴的相关资料进行对比。研究的复合主要终点是氯己定敷贴组与非氯己定敷贴组患者之间出现伴或不伴导管相关性血流感染(CR-BSI)的重大的血管内导管相关性感染情况的比较,以及高粘黏附非氯己定敷贴组与标准非氯己定敷贴组患者之间导管细菌定植率的情况比较。次要终点为导管细菌定植、导管相关性血流感染以及患者的皮肤反应。

  研究者共对1879例患者(共4163导管人次,和34339导管天)进行了相关评价。其中,使用氯己定敷贴者与使用非氯己定敷贴者相比,其重大血管内导管相关性感染的发生率降低了67%[0.7/1000导管天对2.1/1000导管天;危险比0.328;95%置信区间0.174~0.619;p=0.0006);而导管相关性血流感染的发生率降低了60%(0.5/ 1000导管天对1.3/1000导管天;危险比0.402;95%置信区间0.186~0.868;p=0.02);此外,在导管移除时,使用氯己定敷贴的患者组,其导管及皮肤上的细菌定植率也出现下降。在使用氯己定敷贴者与使用非氯己定敷贴者中,其接触性皮炎的发生率分别为1.1%和0.29%。与标准敷贴相比,使用高粘附性敷贴可减少敷贴的脱落率(64.3%对71.9%,p<0.0001)和每条导管平均所需的敷贴数量[2块(1~4块)对3块(1~5块),p<0.0001)。此外,高粘附性敷贴可增加患者皮肤上的细菌定植(p<0.0001)和导管上的细菌定植(危险比,1.650;95%置信区间,1.21~2.26,p=0.0016);但不会影响患者的血管内导管相关性感染或导管相关性血流感染的发生率。

  由此研究者认为,使用氯己定浸渍敷贴可降低在重症监护病房内使用血管内导管患者的血管内导管相关性感染的发生率。使用高黏附性敷贴可减少敷贴脱落,但是会增加皮肤和导管上的细菌定植。 


Randomized Controlled Trial of Chlorhexidine Dressing and Highly Adhesive Dressing for Preventing Catheter-related Infections in Critically Ill Adults

Objectives: To determine if chlorhexidine-impregnated and strongly adherent dressings decrease catheter colonization and CRI rates.

Methods: In a 2:1:1 assessor-masked randomized trial in patients with vascular catheters inserted for an expected duration of 48 hours or more in 12 French ICUs, we compared chlorhexidine dressings, highly adhesive dressings, and standard dressings from May 2010 to July 2011. Coprimary endpoints were major CRI with or without catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) with chlorhexidine versus nonchlorhexidine dressings and catheter colonization rate with highly adhesive nonchlorhexidine versus standard nonchlorhexidine dressings. Catheter-colonization, CR-BSIs, and skin reactions were secondary endpoints.

Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,879 patients (4,163 catheters and 34,339 catheter-days) were evaluated. With chlorhexidine dressings, the major-CRI rate was 67% lower (0.7 per 1,000 vs. 2.1 per 1,000 catheter-days; hazard ratio [HR], 0.328; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.174–0.619; P = 0.0006) and the CR-BSI rate 60% lower (0.5 per 1,000 vs. 1.3 per 1,000 catheter-days; HR, 0.402; 95% CI, 0.186–0.868; P = 0.02) than with nonchlorhexidine dressings; decreases were noted in catheter colonization and skin colonization rates at catheter removal. The contact dermatitis rate was 1.1% with and 0.29% without chlorhexidine. Highly adhesive dressings decreased the detachment rate to 64.3% versus 71.9% (P < 0.0001) and the number of dressings per catheter to two (one to four) versus three (one to five) (P < 0.0001) but increased skin colonization (P < 0.0001) and catheter colonization (HR, 1.650; 95% CI, 1.21–2.26; P = 0.0016) without influencing CRI or CR-BSI rates.

Conclusions: A large randomized trial demonstrated that chlorhexidine-gel–impregnated dressings decreased the CRI rate in patients in the ICU with intravascular catheters. Highly adhesive dressings decreased dressing detachment but increased skin and catheter colonization.

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