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Nat Struct Mol Biol:钠在大脑中发挥着独特的重要作用

2013-09-09 冯卫东 中国科技网

9月5日加拿大研究人员发现,盐的主要化学成分——钠,是大脑中重要神经递质——红藻氨酸受体的一个独特“开关”。红藻氨酸受体是大脑正常功能的基础,与癫痫症和神经性疼痛等多种疾病相关。【原文下载】 麦吉尔大学药理学和药物治疗学系教授德里克·鲍伊的此项发现,为大脑如何传输信息提供了不同的观点。该项研究的重点在于开发药物的新靶点,研究结果发表在《自然·结构和分子生物学》杂志上。 红藻氨酸受体活性的平

9月5日加拿大研究人员发现,盐的主要化学成分——钠,是大脑中重要神经递质——红藻氨酸受体的一个独特“开关”。红藻氨酸受体是大脑正常功能的基础,与癫痫症和神经性疼痛等多种疾病相关。【原文下载

麦吉尔大学药理学和药物治疗学系教授德里克·鲍伊的此项发现,为大脑如何传输信息提供了不同的观点。该项研究的重点在于开发药物的新靶点,研究结果发表在《自然·结构和分子生物学》杂志上。

红藻氨酸受体活性的平衡是维持正常脑功能的关键。例如,癫痫是红藻氨酸活性过度的结果。因此,设计出能关闭这些活性的药物将是非常有益的。

鲍伊教授表示,人们几十年来一直在推测所有大脑受体的开关应位于神经递质的结合部位。不过,新研究发现了一个可将单个钠原子进行结合的完全独立的位点,其能控制红藻氨酸受体何时打开和关闭。

所谓的药物“脱靶效应”是现代医学面临的最大挑战之一。钠开关对红藻氨酸受体具有独特性,意味着设计出旨在刺激这个开关的药物,不会在大脑中的其他地方起作用。这将是药物设计的重大进步,因为现有药物除了会在目标位点产生作用,往往还会影响许多其他位点,从而产生副作用。

圈点

食盐是人们膳食中最常用的调味品,也是人体中不可或缺的物质成分。如今,其主要化学成分钠还被发现有助开发药物的新靶点,更让人对它刮目相看。射击赛场上的脱靶,顶多让运动员极其懊恼罢了,而医学上的药物“脱靶”,所产生的副作用却难以估量。文中的新发现,就好比帮药物找到了精准“打击”病症的小窍门,这对减轻患者无谓的病痛无疑大有裨益。受此启发,更加精确的药物靶点或将呼之欲出。(生物谷Bioon.com)

生物谷推荐的英文摘要

cover image

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology doi:10.1038/nsmb.2654

Defining the structural relationship between kainate-receptor deactivation and desensitization

G Brent Dawe,  Maria Musgaard,  Elizabeth D Andrews,  Bryan A Daniels,  Mark R P Aurousseau,  Philip C Biggin  & Derek Bowie

Desensitization is an important mechanism curtailing the activity of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs). Although the structural basis of desensitization is not fully resolved, it is thought to be governed by physicochemical properties of bound ligands. Here, we show the importance of an allosteric cation-binding pocket in controlling transitions between activated and desensitized states of rat kainate-type (KAR) ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Tethering a positive charge to this pocket sustains KAR activation, preventing desensitization, whereas mutations that disrupt cation binding eliminate channel gating. These different outcomes explain the structural distinction between deactivation and desensitization. Deactivation occurs when the ligand unbinds before the cation, whereas desensitization proceeds if a ligand is bound without cation pocket occupancy. This sequence of events is absent from AMPA-type iGluRs; thus, cations are identified as gatekeepers of KAR gating, a role unique among even closely related LGICs.

原文下载

Dawe GB, Musgaard M, Andrews ED, Daniels BA, Aurousseau MR, Biggin PC, Bowie D.Defining the structural relationship between kainate-receptor deactivation and desensitization.Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013 Sep;20(9):1054-61.

 

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    2014-02-13 sunylz
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    2013-10-12 日月
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    2014-04-28 liye789132251

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