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JCI:mTOR调节代谢影响CD8+T细胞分化新发现

2015-04-30 佚名 生物谷

mTOR依赖性途径的激活能够调节CD4+效应T细胞亚群的分型和分化。而根据美国科学家在国际学术期刊JCI的一项最新报道,他们发现mTORC1和mTORC2对于CD8+效应T细胞和记忆T细胞的产生也具有不同作用。   CD8+T细胞是固有免疫应答过程中的关键组成部分,能够产生具有杀伤作用的效应细胞和快速产生二次应答的记忆T细胞。最近一些研究表明代谢重编程在T细胞命运决定方面具有重要

mTOR依赖性途径的激活能够调节CD4+效应T细胞亚群的分型和分化。而根据美国科学家在国际学术期刊JCI的一项最新报道,他们发现mTORC1和mTORC2对于CD8+效应T细胞和记忆T细胞的产生也具有不同作用。
 
CD8+T细胞是固有免疫应答过程中的关键组成部分,能够产生具有杀伤作用的效应细胞和快速产生二次应答的记忆T细胞。最近一些研究表明代谢重编程在T细胞命运决定方面具有重要作用,但调节代谢变化的分子机制一直不清楚。另外一些研究发现CD4+T细胞中表达的mTOR能够整合免疫微环境中的信号,影响CD4+T细胞向Th1,Th17和Th2细胞亚群的分化,关于mTOR在CD8+T细胞命运决定中的作用还未有研究。
 
在该项研究中,研究人员利用mTORC1负调控因子TSC2在T细胞特异性敲除的小鼠模型,发现mTORC1激活会促进发生高度糖酵解的CD8+效应T细胞产生,由于mTORC1的组成型激活,这些细胞保留了终末分化的效应细胞表型但不能转变为记忆状态。与此相比,通过敲除RHEB导致mTORC1活性缺失的CD8+T细胞不能分化为效应细胞,但保留了记忆细胞的特征,如表达记忆细胞表面marker,代谢速率比较低以及细胞寿命延长等。但RHEB缺失的类似记忆T细胞由于代谢功能缺陷不能够产生记忆性免疫应答。mTORC1能够影响CD8+T细胞发挥效应细胞功能,mTORC2活性能够调节CD8+T细胞记忆能力。抑制mTORC2活性会导致T细胞代谢重编程,增强CD8+记忆T细胞的形成能力。
 
总的来说,这项研究对mTORC1和mTORC2在CD8+T细胞分化中的作用进行了深入探讨,提示我们或可通过靶向mTORC1和mTORC2,增强疫苗的作用效率,促进抗肿瘤免疫。

原始出处:

Kristen N. Pollizzi1, Chirag H. Patel1, Im-Hong Sun1, Min-Hee Oh1, Adam T. Waickman1,2, Jiayu Wen1, Greg M. Delgoffe1,3, and Jonathan D. Powell1.mTORC1 and mTORC2 selectively regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation. JCI, April 20, 2015.

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