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JAMA Oncol:健康的生活方式能防癌症,你还在等什么!

2016-05-23 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

根据最新研究结果显示,约有20%-40%的癌症病例和大约一半的癌症死亡都有可能通过改变生活方式而避免。该研究发表在JAMA Oncology。 研究者对美国白人癌症风险进行调查后得出,如果人们不吸烟,只喝少量酒精,保持健康的体重(即保持BMI在18.5-27.5),并按ACS指南推荐进行运动,将可以避免一部分癌症病例。不过如何实施生活方式的改变,仍具有很大的挑战。 马萨诸塞州总医院、哈

根据最新研究结果显示,约有20%-40%的癌症病例和大约一半的癌症死亡都有可能通过改变生活方式而避免。该研究发表在JAMA Oncology

研究者对美国白人癌症风险进行调查后得出,如果人们不吸烟,只喝少量酒精,保持健康的体重(即保持BMI在18.5-27.5),并按ACS指南推荐进行运动,将可以避免一部分癌症病例。不过如何实施生活方式的改变,仍具有很大的挑战。

马萨诸塞州总医院、哈佛医学院和哈佛公共卫生学院的Mingyang Song博士说:“一些小事情可以产生巨大的影响,比如询问病人的生活方式,并给出合适的修改建议,同时对监测病人的进展。”

当然公共卫生策略的支持也是迫切需要的。基于最坚实的证据,为大家创建一个健康生活方式的环境,以有效和准确的方式为公众提供科学的建议。

“政策变化方面的改变会受到不同程度的阻力,如文化、政治、行为等,”她说:“我们还有很长的路要走,但我很乐观,只要我们研究人员、公共卫生专家、医生、政策制定者、媒体和公众一起工作努力,我们将看到一步一步朝着更好方向的变化。”

华盛顿大学医学院的Graham A. Colditz博士和Siobhan Sutcliffe博士提到,目前主要的注意力都集中在偶然或外部因素导致癌症,但是越来越多的证据表明,环境可以改变癌症风险,并且大多数癌症是可以预防的。比如80%-90%吸烟相关的癌症(如肺癌和口咽癌)是可以预防的,还有60%的生活方式相关的其他癌症(如结肠癌和膀胱癌)也是可以预防的。

Colditz博士和Sutcliffe博士强调,虽然一部分癌症可以通过生活方式的改变得到预防,但是具体实施还具有挑战。我们必要珍惜机会,通过实施有效的预防策略和改变我们的生活方式,减少癌症发病率和死亡人数。

该项研究中Song博士和同事对几个研究的数据进行了分析,评估生活方式与癌症的发病率和死亡率之间的关联。

研究中定义的“健康的生活方式”为不吸烟或过去吸烟,不饮酒或少量饮酒(女性,每天不超过饮酒1杯;男性,每天不超过2杯),BMI 18.5-27.5,每周有氧运动(中等强度至少150分钟或剧烈运动至少75分钟)。

符合“健康的生活方式”的人群为低风险组,其他人被认为是高风险组。

研究分析包括89571名女性和46339名男性,其中低风险组有16531名女性(18%)和11731名男性(25%)。

数据显示,对于女性,低风险组和高风险组所有癌症的发病率为分别为463/100000和618/100000;对于男性,两组数据分别为283/100000和425/100000。外推人群归因风险(PAR)女性癌症发生率为25%,男性为33%。癌症死亡率的PAR更高,女性为48%,男性为44%。

低风险组与一般白人人群相比,有更高的PAR,发病率 女性41%,男性63%;死亡率 女性59%,男性67%。

该研究由国立卫生研究院资助。

原始出处:

Mingyang Song, Edward Giovannucci,et al.Preventable Incidence and Mortality of Carcinoma Associated With Lifestyle Factors Among White Adults in the United States.JAMA Oncol. Published online May 19, 2016. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0843

Lifestyle Changes Can Dramatically Cut Cancer Incidence.Medscape. May 20, 2016

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    2016-05-30 minlingfeng
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864770, encodeId=b78c1864e706a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon May 30 12:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138118, encodeId=c173138118b9, content=拜读,好文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 30 15:15:12 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106611, encodeId=7e16106611aa, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 07:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88223, encodeId=9ba88822328, content=多运动, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=61191606034, createdName=mym86538653, createdTime=Thu Jun 02 07:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88226, encodeId=a6648822678, content=多多运动 对身体好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=61191606034, createdName=mym86538653, createdTime=Thu Jun 02 07:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1488004, encodeId=ad2b14880043b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c699e46010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#防癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97460, encryptionId=5c699e46010, topicName=防癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f6d78400961, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Wed May 25 03:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-30 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    拜读,好文

    0

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    2016-08-29 ylzr123

    深度好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

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    2016-06-02 mym86538653

    多运动

    0

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    2016-06-02 mym86538653

    多多运动 对身体好

    0

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    2016-05-25 jeanqiuqiu

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