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万万没想到!桥本氏甲状腺炎患者当心了,小心这3种甲状腺癌找上门!

2021-12-08 LILYMED MedSci原创

Thyroid Res. :桥本甲状腺炎与甲状腺恶性肿瘤风险增加有关吗?系统回顾和荟萃分析

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎也称为"桥本甲状腺炎"(HT),是最常见的炎症性自身免疫性甲状腺疾病,也是碘量充足的地区甲状腺功能减退的最常见原因。这种疾病女性更为多见(女性与男性的比例超过10:1)。在过去几十年里,HT的发生率有所增加。甲状腺癌(TC)是最常见的内分泌肿瘤,TC的发生率在全球范围内迅速增加。甲状腺乳头状癌( PTC )是最常见的甲状腺肿瘤类型,占所有甲状腺癌的80 - 90% ,它也更常见于女性。

Rudolf Virchow于1893年首次描述了慢性炎症与癌症之间的联系。HT和PTC之间的关联最早是由Dailey等人在1955年描述的。尽管进行了几项回顾性和前瞻性研究,但它们之间的关系仍然存在争议。本研究通过对文献的完整调查,更全面地评估HT和TC之间的关联,并根据当前的知识研究HT在TC的不同亚组中的作用。

通过在全球范围内进行数据库搜索,共筛选出4785项研究。最后,选择50个研究进行定性合成,其中27个纳入定量合成(图1)。其中23项研究发现TC患者中HT的发生率;另一方面,有29个评估了HT病例中TC的发生率,而其中3个报告了这两项发现。纳入研究的特征如表1所示。图2总结了meta分析的结果。

1、甲状腺乳头状癌

纳入的45项研究调查了HT和PTC之间可能存在的关系。在这些研究的中,PTC患者的HT发生率为4.75 - 38.4%,而PTC发生率为0.12 - 64.3%。对23个研究对象进行meta分析,发现1.65OR (95% CI: 1.04 ~ 2.61;异质性I2检验:96.48%),组间差异显著(p=0.03)。

2、滤泡性甲状腺癌

13项研究评估了HT与滤泡性甲状腺癌(FTC)之间可能的相关性。其中,FTC组的HT率介于2.08至9.62%之间,而FTC率介于0至9.2%之间。符合纳入标准的7项研究的meta分析达到0.73 OR (95% CI: 0.41至1.27;I 2检验异质性:0%),组间差异无统计学意义(p=0.26)。

3、甲状腺髄样癌

6项研究探讨了HT在甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)发生中的可能作用。所有这些研究都评估了HT组MTC的发生率,其范围在0 - 20%之间。对5项研究进行meta分析,采用适当的对照组,该结果的OR值为2.70 (95% CI: 1.20 ~ 6.07;I 2检验异质性: 0%),组间差异显著 (p=0.01)。

4、淋巴瘤

6项研究调查了HT与淋巴瘤的关系,两项研究中淋巴瘤组HT的发生率分别为5.88和60%。HT中淋巴瘤发生率范围为0.1 ~ 1.09%。3项研究的meta分析达到了12.93 OR (95% CI: 2.15 ~ 77.63;异质性I2检验:0%),各组间差异有统计学意义(p=0.01)。

5、未分化性甲状腺癌

只有2项研究评估了未分化性甲状腺癌(ATC)与HT之间的关系,其中HT组TC的发生率分别为0和1.02%。meta分析达到1.92 OR (95% CI: 1.90 ~ 0.29;I2检验异质性:0%),组间差异无统计学意义(p=0.05)。

6、所有癌症类型

27项研究有一个适当的对照组,使我们能够计算OR并将其纳入荟萃分析。结果为1.36 OR (95% CI: 1.05 ~ 1.77;I2检验异质性:93.66%),病例组与对照组TC发生率差异有统计学意义(p=0.01)。

总的来说,根据目前的知识,HT与甲状腺恶性肿瘤,特别是PTC、MTC、淋巴瘤相关,但与ATC和FTC无关。此外,这项研究发现HT与甲状腺恶性肿瘤之间存在显着关联。高RoB的研究、不同研究之间的高异质性以及基于设计的前瞻性研究数量有限,使得现有的证据不确定,因此需要进行更多的研究以得出更可靠的结论。

 

原文来源:

Abbasgholizadeh et al. Is Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with increasing risk of thyroid malignancies?A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid Research (2021) 14:26
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-021-00117-x

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