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乳腺钼靶X线检查不降低乳腺癌死亡率

2015-02-03 ruanancy 译 医学论坛网

加拿大的长期研究证实乳腺钼靶X线检查会导致过度诊断并对患者死亡率没有益处——基于此,我们该走向何处? 从20世纪60年代至20世纪80年代所进行的随机试验表明,乳腺钼靶X线检查可降低乳腺癌">乳腺癌的死亡率 (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 6:CD001877),但这些研究都是在乳腺癌治疗效果较差和女性对乳腺癌的认识程度不高的一个时期内进行的。 目前,

加拿大的长期研究证实乳腺钼靶X线检查会导致过度诊断并对患者死亡率没有益处——基于此,我们该走向何处?

从20世纪60年代至20世纪80年代所进行的随机试验表明,乳腺钼靶X线检查可降低乳腺癌">乳腺癌的死亡率 (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 6:CD001877),但这些研究都是在乳腺癌治疗效果较差和女性对乳腺癌的认识程度不高的一个时期内进行的。

目前,加拿大的研究者报告了一项对乳腺钼靶X线检查进行了为期25年的随访研究结果。该研究始于1980年,有9万年龄介于40-59岁的女性参与。所有的参与者都接受了受过培训的临床医生所给予的基线乳房临床检查,40至49岁的女性被随机分配接受一年五次乳腺钼靶X线检查(加上每年的乳房检查)或常规护理。50-59岁的女性被随机分配接受一年5次乳腺钼靶X线检查(加上每年的乳房检查)或只进行每年的乳房检查。跟踪记录5年筛检期和之后直至2005年的随访结果。

在筛检期间,乳腺钼靶X线检查组666例癌症被检测出484例。在整个研究期间,乳腺钼靶X线检查组中被诊断出的乳腺癌患者为3250例而非乳腺钼靶X线检查组中为3133例,两组中各有500例和505例女性死于乳腺癌。乳腺钼靶X线检查组和非乳腺钼靶X线检查组25年的累计乳腺癌死亡率相似;这些结果并不存在年龄所致的差异性。在基线15年内,乳腺钼靶X线检查多鉴别出了106例乳腺癌患者;因此,乳腺钼靶X线检查组筛检出的22%癌症患者(106/484)都被过度诊断为了乳腺肿瘤。

点评:

这些研究结果与其它一些最新乳腺癌筛查研究的研究相一致(NEJM JW Womens Health Sep 22 2010 和NEJM JW Womens Health Aug 11 2011)。乳腺钼靶X线检查费用昂贵(NEJM JW Womens Health Feb 10 2014),并具有较高的假阳性结果(NEJM JW Womens Health Jan 17 2014)。几十年来,我们都在踏着“乳房X线挽救生命”的鼓点前进;年度筛检已成为我们给予患者的一种简单建议,并以此使患者相信同时做一个正常的乳房X线检查就可以高枕无忧了。许多女性将被这些新信息所困扰;一些人还可能会对其持怀疑的眼光。虽然我们期待来自专业协会的最新指导,但我的做法是鼓励患者遵照2009年美国预防服务工作组的指导方针(2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines):对具有一般风险的女性,从50岁起每2年进行一次乳房X线筛检。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297946, encodeId=21b9129e946ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c42d18892ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#X线#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18892, encryptionId=c42d18892ad, topicName=X线)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c64275, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15065, encodeId=b89c15065aa, content=光检查,不预防,有个毛用,好比天气预报再精准,渥顶有洞总要漏水!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160813/IMG57AE79471B32A7757.jpg, createdBy=038e80733, createdName=阿汤哥哥--研究肿瘤营养, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 19:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15043, encodeId=f65e15043a0, content=过度检查之弊端, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15040, encodeId=9941150407c, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=192, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15039, encodeId=d0a615039aa, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15012, encodeId=0ef9150125a, content=其一不敏感,其二发现也不影响结局, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=223.104.5.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 17:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-05 piaojinhua
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297946, encodeId=21b9129e946ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c42d18892ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#X线#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18892, encryptionId=c42d18892ad, topicName=X线)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c64275, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15065, encodeId=b89c15065aa, content=光检查,不预防,有个毛用,好比天气预报再精准,渥顶有洞总要漏水!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160813/IMG57AE79471B32A7757.jpg, createdBy=038e80733, createdName=阿汤哥哥--研究肿瘤营养, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 19:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15043, encodeId=f65e15043a0, content=过度检查之弊端, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15040, encodeId=9941150407c, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=192, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15039, encodeId=d0a615039aa, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15012, encodeId=0ef9150125a, content=其一不敏感,其二发现也不影响结局, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=223.104.5.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 17:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-04 阿汤哥哥--研究肿瘤营养

    光检查,不预防,有个毛用,好比天气预报再精准,渥顶有洞总要漏水!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297946, encodeId=21b9129e946ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c42d18892ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#X线#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18892, encryptionId=c42d18892ad, topicName=X线)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c64275, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15065, encodeId=b89c15065aa, content=光检查,不预防,有个毛用,好比天气预报再精准,渥顶有洞总要漏水!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160813/IMG57AE79471B32A7757.jpg, createdBy=038e80733, createdName=阿汤哥哥--研究肿瘤营养, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 19:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15043, encodeId=f65e15043a0, content=过度检查之弊端, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15040, encodeId=9941150407c, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=192, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15039, encodeId=d0a615039aa, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15012, encodeId=0ef9150125a, content=其一不敏感,其二发现也不影响结局, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=223.104.5.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 17:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-04 cbp

    过度检查之弊端

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297946, encodeId=21b9129e946ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c42d18892ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#X线#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18892, encryptionId=c42d18892ad, topicName=X线)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c64275, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15065, encodeId=b89c15065aa, content=光检查,不预防,有个毛用,好比天气预报再精准,渥顶有洞总要漏水!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160813/IMG57AE79471B32A7757.jpg, createdBy=038e80733, createdName=阿汤哥哥--研究肿瘤营养, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 19:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15043, encodeId=f65e15043a0, content=过度检查之弊端, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15040, encodeId=9941150407c, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=192, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15039, encodeId=d0a615039aa, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15012, encodeId=0ef9150125a, content=其一不敏感,其二发现也不影响结局, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=223.104.5.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 17:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-04 cbp

    挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用

    0

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    2015-02-04 cbp

    挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297946, encodeId=21b9129e946ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c42d18892ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#X线#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18892, encryptionId=c42d18892ad, topicName=X线)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c64275, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15065, encodeId=b89c15065aa, content=光检查,不预防,有个毛用,好比天气预报再精准,渥顶有洞总要漏水!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160813/IMG57AE79471B32A7757.jpg, createdBy=038e80733, createdName=阿汤哥哥--研究肿瘤营养, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 19:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15043, encodeId=f65e15043a0, content=过度检查之弊端, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15040, encodeId=9941150407c, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=192, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15039, encodeId=d0a615039aa, content=挺好的研究思路,对临床有警示作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=809381710, createdName=cbp, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15012, encodeId=0ef9150125a, content=其一不敏感,其二发现也不影响结局, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=223.104.5.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 17:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-03 223.104.5.**

    其一不敏感,其二发现也不影响结局

    0

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