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Dev Cell:这种几乎无药可治的乳腺癌,竟然有了新靶点?

2017-11-21 佚名 学术经纬

在乳腺癌里,有一种分类叫做“三阴性乳腺癌”。它并不常见,大概只占乳腺癌总数的10%。但它造成的死亡病例,却占到了乳腺癌患者死亡数的四分之一!

乳腺癌里,有一种分类叫做“三阴性乳腺癌”。它并不常见,大概只占乳腺癌总数的10%。但它造成的死亡病例,却占到了乳腺癌患者死亡数的四分之一!

这背后的原因很简单。通常的乳腺癌里往往会表达雌激素受体(HR)、孕激素受体(PR)、或是人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)。于是,在过去几十年里,科研人员们针对这些常见靶点开发了一系列能有效控制病情的疗法。然而,正如“三阴性乳腺癌”的名字所指,这类乳腺癌的组织样本检测中,HR、PR以及HER2的结果均为阴性。因此现有的大量成熟疗法对这类乳腺癌都无能为力。一旦患者确诊,她们所面临的也往往只有手术、放疗、或是化疗等副作用大,且不容易根治的治疗选择。

我们为什么不开发一种类似于其他乳腺癌治疗方案的疗法,靶向三阴性乳腺癌里的某个关键靶点,从而抑制这类癌症的进展呢?多年来对这类疾病的研究发现,这太难了。大部分乳腺癌相对比较均质化,因此更容易治疗。而三阴性乳腺癌是一类高度多样化的疾病,患者与患者之间,甚至是同一名患者的不同部位,肿瘤细胞的类型都可能不一样。这给病理分析和提供治疗都带来了很大的困难。


▲本研究的主要负责人,弗吉尼亚大学生物医学工程系的Kevin Janes教授(图片来源:弗吉尼亚大学 / Dan Addison,University Communications)

弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)一支科研团队则在困难中看到了希望。“我们对三阴性乳腺癌的多样化产生了兴趣,”弗吉尼亚大学生物医学工程系的Kevin Janes教授说道:“我们相信这种多样性能给我们带来癌症如何起源的线索,从而理解细胞如何互相交流,理解肿瘤如何被调控,找到潜在的治疗方案。”

利用多种三阴性乳腺癌的细胞模型,Janes教授与他的团队用生物信息学的方法,发现一种叫做生长分化因子11(GDF11)的蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌细胞中被异常沉默了。GDF11是一种抑癌蛋白。当它成熟后,能化身为具有生物活性的肿瘤抑制者。然而,在三阴性乳腺癌的细胞里,这类蛋白却意外地陷入了“不成熟”的状态。这项重要发现发表在了知名学术刊物《Developmental Cell》上。


▲该研究的图示。三阴性乳腺癌会抑制GDF11蛋白的成熟,形成恶性循环(图片来源:《Developmental Cell》)

“我们专注于一种在三阴性乳腺癌里的蛋白。正常情况下,它应该能抑制异常的细胞生长,但它失去了这一能力,”Janes教授说道:“这是一个非常令人兴奋的发现。因为现在我们能寻找让GDF11前体蛋白重新动员起来的方法,从而在三阴性乳腺癌细胞出现的部位恢复它抑制肿瘤活性的能力。”

如果这一发现能够顺利转化成新药,对于罹患这种难治乳腺癌的患者,将是一个巨大的福音。我们期待这一天的尽快到来。

原始出处:Sameer S. Bajikar, Chun-Chao Wang, Michael A. Borten, et al. Tumor-Suppressor Inactivation of GDF11 Occurs by Precursor Sequestration in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Developmental Cell. 20 November 2017

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    2018-09-08 维他命
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    2018-04-15 fzwish20000
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    2017-11-25 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2017-11-23 lsndxfj
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    2017-11-21 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    科技的力量是伟大的.难治癌有了新方法.

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