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Nature子刊:首次鉴定出激活人精子的大麻素受体GPR18

2016-09-04 佚名 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,来自德国波鸿和波恩的研究人员在精子中检测到一种新型的大麻素受体(cannabinoid receptor)。存在于男性和女性生殖道中的内源性大麻素激活精子:它们触发所谓的顶体反应(acrosome reaction),在这种反应期间,精子释放消化酶,丢掉它的头部前半部分上的帽状结构。如果没有这种反应,精子就不能够穿入卵子中。相关研究结果于2016年8月30日在线发表在Scient


在一项新的研究中,来自德国波鸿和波恩的研究人员在精子中检测到一种新型的大麻素受体(cannabinoid receptor)。存在于男性和女性生殖道中的内源性大麻素激活精子:它们触发所谓的顶体反应(acrosome reaction),在这种反应期间,精子释放消化酶,丢掉它的头部前半部分上的帽状结构。如果没有这种反应,精子就不能够穿入卵子中。相关研究结果于2016年8月30日在线发表在Scientific Reports期刊上,论文标题为“Characterization of non-olfactory GPCRs in human sperm with a focus on GPR18”。

在受精期间,精子必须首先与卵子的质膜融合,然后穿入卵子中。为此,精子必需经历一种被称作顶体反应的过程,其中这种反应是当精子接近卵子时在它的顶体中发生的。在实验室中,这种所谓的顶体反应被认为是分析精液实现受精的能力的一种测试方法。内源性大麻素的受体在这个过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。在当前的这项研究中,研究人员在进行一番综合分析后,首次提供证据证实精子中存在所谓的G蛋白偶联受体18(GPR18)。

研究人员发现223种受体

研究人员以嗅觉研究为见长,在今年早些时候在精子中已检测到多达60种嗅觉受体,并且能够激活和定位它们当中的10种。论文共同作者、德国波鸿鲁尔大学细胞生理学系教授Hanns Hatt博士解释道,“在当前的这项研究中,我们着重关注剩下的G蛋白偶联受体,这些受体不同于嗅觉受体,结合其他的物质。”通过分析众多供者的样品,研究人员研究了哪些基因在精子中表达;他们的结论是精子中受体的总数是223。三种最为常见的受体包括GPR18,即这项研究首次描述过的这种大新型的麻素受体。

新的受体要比经典的受体对NAGly更加敏感

Hatt说,“这种受体对草本植物大麻中的物质THC(四氢大麻酚)作出反应,也对内源性脂肪酸NAGly(N-arachidonoylglycine)作出反应,其中NAGly与这种大麻素系统相关联。相比于经典的长期已知的大麻素受体,它对NAGly更加敏感。”激活位于精子中间的这种受体能够触发所谓的顶体反应。在这种过程期间,当精子接近卵子时,精子的表面发生变化。若没有这种反应,精子就不能够穿入卵子中。

女性生殖道中的大麻素

科学家们知道内源性大麻素存在于男性和女性的生殖道中。一些研究提示着在受孕期间,在女性体内的大麻素浓度发生增加。Hatt作出结论,“这种内源性大麻素激活精子以便受精。”

GPR18受体也存在于人体的其他组织中,比如大脑和心脏。然而,它在这些组织中的功能迄今为止仍然是未知的。

原始出处

Caroline Flegel, Felix Vogel, Adrian Hofreuter, Sebastian Wojcik, Clara Schoeder, Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz, Norbert H. Brockmeyer, Christa E. Müller, Christian Becker, Janine Altmüller, Hanns Hatt & Günter Gisselmann.Characterization of non-olfactory GPCRs in human sperm with a focus on GPR18.Scientific Reports.2016

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    2017-01-09 liye789132251
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    2016-09-06 kcb069
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    2016-09-05 刘煜

    阅读学习。

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