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Circulation:阿哌沙班可降低晚期肾病/房颤患者的大出血、血栓栓塞和死亡风险

2018-10-13 MedSci MedSci原创

进行透析的晚期肾病(ESKD)患者被排除在房颤(AF)进行直接口服抗凝剂的临床试验外。近期的数据引起了人们对达比加群和利伐沙班安全性的担忧,但阿哌沙班尚未有评估,虽然目前的标签支持其应用于该人群。现研究人员尝试确定阿哌沙班在依赖透析的ESKD和AF患者中的应用模式及其相关预后。研究人员对包括美国肾脏数据系统的医疗保险受益人进行回顾性队列研究。筛选开始进行口服抗凝剂治疗的依赖透析的ESKD和AF患者

进行透析的晚期肾病(ESKD)患者被排除在房颤(AF)进行直接口服抗凝剂的临床试验外。近期的数据引起了人们对达比加群和利伐沙班安全性的担忧,但阿哌沙班尚未有评估,虽然目前的标签支持其应用于该人群。现研究人员尝试确定阿哌沙班在依赖透析的ESKD和AF患者中的应用模式及其相关预后。

研究人员对包括美国肾脏数据系统的医疗保险受益人进行回顾性队列研究。筛选开始进行口服抗凝剂治疗的依赖透析的ESKD和AF患者。由于采用达比加群和利伐沙班的患者少,仅对以阿哌沙班或华法林治疗的患者的预后进行评估。阿哌沙班和华法林患者配比为1:3。采用Kaplan-Meier分析评估组间无中风或血栓形成、大出血、消化道出血、颅内出血和死亡的存活率差异。

共筛选了25523位患者(45.7%为女性;68.2±11.9岁),采用阿哌沙班或华法林治疗的患者分别有2351位和23172位。2012年底上市后,阿哌沙班的处方逐年增加,2015年新增抗凝药物处方中有26.6%是阿哌沙班。在匹配队列中,阿哌沙班和华法林之间中风/全身血栓形成的风险无差别(HR 0.88;95% CI 0.69-1.12;p=0.29),但阿哌沙班可明显降低大出血的风险(HR 0.72;95% CI 0.59-0.87;p<0.001)。在灵敏度分析中,相比降低阿哌沙班剂量(2.5mg 2/日,1317位)和华法林,标准剂量的阿哌沙班(5mg 2/日,1034位)可明显降低中风/全身性栓塞和死亡风险。

对于需要透析的ESKD/AF患者,相比华法林,采用标准剂量(5mg 2/日)的阿哌沙班治疗可能可降低大出血、血栓栓塞和死亡风险。


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