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Cell Stem Cell:发现结肠癌与肠道干细胞之间关系的新证据

2011-04-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

巴塞罗那生物医学研究所(IRB)科学家对干细胞与癌症间的关系做了最新的报道,使得人们对于癌症的诊断与治疗有了新的认识工作。 生物医学研究所的研究人员已经发现,大肠癌细胞促发了一组与肠道干细胞中相类似的基因。研究员Eduard Batlle建议,大肠癌患者要对其肠上皮进行基因测试,从而预测其复发的高风险。该研究结果,将发布在本周《细胞干细胞》(Cell Stem Cell)上,对于诊断和治疗这

巴塞罗那生物医学研究所(IRB)科学家对干细胞与癌症间的关系做了最新的报道,使得人们对于癌症的诊断与治疗有了新的认识工作。

生物医学研究所的研究人员已经发现,大肠癌细胞促发了一组与肠道干细胞中相类似的基因。研究员Eduard Batlle建议,大肠癌患者要对其肠上皮进行基因测试,从而预测其复发的高风险。该研究结果,将发布在本周《细胞干细胞》(Cell Stem Cell)上,对于诊断和治疗这种疾病提供新的可能性。

在世界范围内,结肠癌是诱发死亡的第二大癌症诱因。目前这种疾病的治疗主要是采用手术和化疗相结合的方法。治疗获得成功的患者病情逐渐得到缓解,然而接近40%患者在数月和几年内复发。这表明肿瘤中的细胞会再次诱发病情,但是目前对此方面的生物原因仍知之甚少。

癌症的"硬核"

由Anna Merlos-Suárez和其他研究者共同指导的研究已经揭示了肠道干细胞(在肠道内产生所有细胞的非专门细胞)与大肠癌间的密切关系。研究人员将在健康小肠的干细胞和和特殊细胞中活跃的基因,与来自患者肿瘤细胞中活跃的基因相比较。结果表明结肠癌患者激活的基因,与在干细胞中激活的基因组相类似。激活的基因数量越多,患者癌症扩散和复发的几率也越高。

这些活跃在肿瘤细胞群中的干细胞基因,被称为肿瘤干细胞。当Batlle的团队将这些细胞移植给小鼠,形成肿瘤。肿瘤进行自我层次性组织,仅特定的细胞-肿瘤干细胞能够启动和扩散癌症。

干细胞究竟是如何促使癌症扩散和复发的?根据定义,干细胞可使人体组织更新,如肠上皮组织,并能每天产生5克的肠上皮细胞。科学家认为肿瘤能够利用这些细胞的能力,进行无限更新,从而不断生长和扩散。此外,大多数细胞有数天甚至数月的生命周期,例如肠上皮细胞,而干细胞可存活数年,从而增加DNA集聚损伤以及转化为癌细胞的可能性。

肿瘤学家面临的最大障碍之一是,缺少确认肿瘤患者有高复发风险的工具。发现肠道干细胞以及癌症传播间的密切联系,是一大重要突破。大肠癌需要一组特定类型细胞以促其生长的假设,已在其他类型的癌症中得到表现,包括神经胶质瘤、某种类型的淋巴瘤或乳腺癌。这一发现对于抵抗癌症:与肿瘤干细胞的斗争开启了新道路。(生物谷Bioon.com)

英文链接:http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219515.php

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    2012-01-11 维他命
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    2011-04-07 柳叶一刀

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