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JAMA Pediatr:儿童止痛药——一次处方用药几何?

2015-03-31 赵洲译 MedSci原创

阿片类药物滥用率增高、不良反应和阿片类药物导致的死亡增多都是和处方模式直接相关的,这表明医生用于缓解病人病痛的努力已经造成了公共卫生危机。儿童和青少年尤其容易遭受处方阿片类药物的过剂量使用和滥用。据估计,由阿片类药物非故意导致的儿童和青少年死亡分别为每100000人中0.1和3.7人。半数滥用处方类阿片药物的青少年是从他们先前的处方、朋友或家人处得到阿片类药物。考虑到日益增长的公共卫生关注点,美国

阿片类药物滥用率增高、不良反应和阿片类药物导致的死亡增多都是和处方模式直接相关的,这表明医生用于缓解病人病痛的努力已经造成了公共卫生危机。儿童和青少年尤其容易遭受处方阿片类药物的过剂量使用和滥用。据估计,由阿片类药物非故意导致的儿童和青少年死亡分别为每100000人中0.1和3.7人。半数滥用处方类阿片药物的青少年是从他们先前的处方、朋友或家人处得到阿片类药物。考虑到日益增长的公共卫生关注点,美国医师协会推荐了阿片类药物的最大剂量和治疗时间,这可以部分地减少尚未使用的药物量。

密歇根大学的研究人员进行了相关的研究。家长记录了他们给予儿童(3-17岁)的全部止痛药物并在四天中进行评分。剩余的阿片类药物通过计算剂量和治疗天数进行估计。223名家长递交了他们的记录数据,14%的家长给予了零剂量。药量每天显著地减少,儿童的疼痛强度也一致性地减弱。到第三天,34%的家长只给1-2剂量,39%的家长停止给予阿片类药物而是换成了非处方止痛药。经过测算,79%的儿童在三天后有足够的阿片类药物剩余足以治疗超过2-3周时间的锐痛。

此次研究充分表明阿片类药物处方量和儿童实际所需量之间并不相符。大多数的儿童用药量少于其处方剂量的一半。这说明限制用于儿童的阿片类药物处方量是一个正确的选择。

原始出处:

Voepel-Lewis T, Wagner D, Tait AR. Leftover Prescription Opioids After Minor Procedures: An Unwitting Source for Accidental Overdose In Children. JAMA Pediatr. Published online March 23, 2015.

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    2015-10-18 feather89
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    2015-04-02 zhangxingru

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