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Medscape伦理学报告2014, 第二部分(之一): 金钱,浪漫和患者

2015-02-04 CSCCM CSCCM公众微信

adding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(99, 36, 35); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">感谢CSCCM授权转发,本文未经同意谢绝转载! , 在医生的职业生涯中,涉及金钱、患者及浪漫的伦理学困境会经常出现。医生应对这些问题的

在医生的职业生涯中,涉及金钱、患者及浪漫的伦理学困境会经常出现。医生应对这些问题的方式反映了各人的价值观和个性,有时可能与严格的职业标准不相符合。超过21,000名医生向Medscape表达了自己关于医学最重要的问题的观点。回复者包括17,000名美国医生和4000名欧洲医生。本套幻灯仅总结了美国医生的问卷调查结果。同时也列举了有代表性的评论,以便大家对相关问题有更深入的了解。

大约1/4的医生希望通过规避不实际的规则而对患者有所帮助,但这可能与保险公司的错误指南相违背,医生们知道如果行为过分,可能会严重影响自己的职业生涯。

"我尽力促成保险公司报销操作相关费用,因而需要向其提供所需文件。这样就不需要保险公司面对患者,并告诉他们出于某种原因而无法接受某种治疗。"

"有时最重要的问题其实是保险公司无耻地拒绝合法要求,此时我就会为我的患者做出努力。"

"过度治疗是撒谎的借口。如果保险公司做出了错误决定,他们需要纠正错误,而不是拒绝治疗。"

"这是不诚实不符合伦理的行为,当患者申请人寿保险时,这样可以对他们造成伤害。"


2010年以来,虚报医疗费用(upcoding)的现象越来越普遍;表示自己曾经虚报费用的医生比例从2010年的17%增加到2014年的25%。这一现象很好地反映了医生对保险公司日益增长的不满。与女性相比,更多男性表示自己可能虚报医疗费用或过度治疗。

"这取决于情况的严重程度,以及我认为药物、治疗或其他措施的必要性。"

"不会,无论你试图寻找何种借口,这都是错误的行为。"

"是的。举例来说,一名有明确但是轻度认知功能障碍的患者需要进行头颅CT扫描,以确定是否存在颅内肿瘤或隐匿性卒中或脑积水。除非诊断为痴呆,否则保险公司可能不会付费。患者可能(尚未)罹患痴呆,但是现在理应做出这个诊断。"

"(这是)伦理学的梦魇。更重要的是帮助患者得到适当的治疗。没有治疗的结果要比虚报医疗费用更坏。"




当患者要求处方抗病毒药物或针对多种临床症状的治疗而医生又认为没有必要时,这种情况非常普遍。但是,当患者态度非常坚决时,医生常常认为安慰剂可能会有帮助。

"是的,我需要保证患者的满意度。"

"是的,安慰剂效应是现实存在。由于门诊时间有限,这样做能够使得患者尽快离开而且对诊疗满意 !"

"假治疗(Sham treatment)不能替代与患者的交流。"

"我年轻时由于害怕法庭诉讼,曾经这么做;但是现在我年龄大了,我会根据经验进行判断,从而表示拒绝。"


当前医疗费用高企,医生可能因为依从性差的患者临床预后不佳而受到处罚,因此大多数医生认为,那些对自身健康不甚在意的患者理应支付更高的保险费用。

"不仅仅是赞同,而是非常赞同 !"

"是的,这与驾驶习惯不佳的司机需要支付更高的汽车保险费用一样。"

"这样做的话,患者会更加遵从医嘱并依从治疗,希望通过戒烟或减肥而降低其保险费用。"

"为什么那些生活习惯良好的人需要与生活习惯较差的人支付同样的保险费用 ?"

"我认为医学不应当对患者的行为进行评判。如果你来进行评判,那么在哪里划出红线呢?"




自从2010年Medscape首次询问这一问题以来,有关与患者发生浪漫关系是否恰当的观点有所改变。2010年,仅有13%的受试者认为这样做是可以接受的(或者与当前的患者,或者在6个月以后),2014年这一比例达到23%。直言不可接受的医生比例从83%下降到68%。21%的欧洲医生认为与当前的患者或既往患者发生浪漫关系可以接受。

"不应当否认爱情。但是你应当立即而且正式终止医患关系。"

"这样做违背了作为医生的所有准则。"

"在所有的风险中,只有傻子才会冒着医学法律的风险。这样做肯定会使得你的职业处于危险中。"

"我看到过从最初的医患关系最终发展为成功婚姻的范例。"



所有年龄的医生大多都反对与当前的患者建立浪漫关系。然而,随着年龄增加,更多的医生可以接受与至少6个月以前的患者进行约会。

"应当允许医生坠入爱河,但是应当注意不对患者产生误导。"

"你应当花一些时间冷静下来,以确定彼此之间的吸引是否仅仅是医患关系造成的权力不平衡的后果 !"

"如果两个人都是单身且彼此吸引,我看不出任何原因说明这种关系不符合伦理。我认为这可能使我很别扭或感觉不舒服,但并非不符合伦理。"


每年大约有85,000例医疗事故相关的法律诉讼,因此可以理解医生对于可能导致患者对医疗错误产生疑虑的情况非常警觉,即使这些错误并非造成不良后果。当然,调查结果也显示,医生对于掩盖这些信息常常表示不安。

"通常而言,应当说出真相,因此可能最好把情况原原本本告诉患者。"

"有时,发生医疗错误时其后果并不明显。"

"对制度造成的错误进行解释,可能的危害就是使得患者对治疗失去信心。"

"存在疑问时,最好的方法就是尽可能诚实。"

感谢CSCCM授权转发,本文未经同意谢绝转载!

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    2015-10-03 feather89
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    2015-06-03 szhvet
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    2015-07-25 smlt2008
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    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    已阅

    0

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    2015-02-06 slcumt
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    2015-02-06 zhaojie88
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