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Front Microbiol:耐力运动如何影响肠道细菌

2018-10-29 佚名 中国生物技术网

近年来,有关体育运动改变肠道微生物组的研究已成为热点研究。去年年底发表的两项研究表明,在不改变任何饮食条件的情况下,运动本身就足以改变肠道微生物组。小鼠和人体实验都发现,运动会促进短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的产生,从而减少炎症并维持肠道健康。

近年来,有关体育运动改变肠道微生物组的研究已成为热点研究。去年年底发表的两项研究表明,在不改变任何饮食条件的情况下,运动本身就足以改变肠道微生物组。小鼠和人体实验都发现,运动会促进短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的产生,从而减少炎症并维持肠道健康。

近日发表在《Frontiers in Microbiology》上的一项研究关注了耐力运动对肠道微生物组的影响。该研究由芬兰图尔库大学生物医学研究所的研究人员完成。

耐力运动如何影响肠道细菌?

研究第一作者Eveliina Munukka说:“最近的研究表明,运动会改善肠道微生物组。我们想要了解在不改变饮食的情况下,耐力运动是否会影响超重女性的肠道宏基因组和全身代谢物。”

为此,Munukka及其团队设计了一个每周3次为期六周的自行车耐力运动项目,并招募17名超重女性参与这项研究。参与者在研究之前一直是久坐的生活方式,但其他方面都很健康。

耐力运动强度通过对参与者的心率监测进行控制。在整个研究过程中,这些女性并没有改变自己的饮食和生活方式,因此该研究只关注于运动带来的影响。

Munukka及其团队使用16S rRNA测序分析了参与者肠道微生物组的组成和功能。总体来看,在该项目结束后,研究人员发现所谓的“变形菌门”(proteobacteria)数量的减少,也就是说,具备导致炎症潜力的肠道细菌减少了。他们观察到一种名为Akkermansia的有益菌的数量增加,Akkermansia菌被认为与代谢的改善相关。

过去的研究表明,与运动不足的人相比,经常锻炼的人肠道中的Akkermansia菌更加普遍。某些研究表明这种细菌可以预防肥胖和糖尿病

研究通讯作者、芬兰科学院研究员Satu PekkalaPekkala 说:“我们还需要更多的研究来证明Akkermansia能调节运动所带来的健康益处。”

对心脏代谢健康的影响

研究人员还发现,VLDL(极低密度脂蛋白)颗粒中的磷脂质和胆固醇随运动而减少。

Pekkala解释说:“这些变化有利于心脏代谢健康。因为VLDL会将脂质从肝脏运输到外围组织,在循环系统中转化为坏LDL(低密度脂蛋白)胆固醇,从而对血管产生有害影响。”

此外,耐力训练还能降低血管粘附蛋白1(VAP-1)的活性。研究人员认为这对于血管系统具有抗炎作用。

他们还研究了编码肠道细菌基因功能的变化。Pekkala报告称:“功能基因的丰度并没有太大的改变,这也是意料之中的,因为在运动过程中饮食习惯并没有改变。如果训练持续的时间更长,也许我们可以发现更显着的效果。”

原始出处:
Munukka E1,2, Ahtiainen JP3, Puigbó P4, et al.Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women.Front Microbiol. 2018 Oct 3;9:2323. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02323. eCollection 2018.

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    2019-02-15 sunylz
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    2019-08-09 xjy02
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