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JAMA:孕早期暴露于昂丹司琼会导致胎儿先天畸形吗?

2019-02-13 王淳 环球医学

2018年12月,发表于《JAMA》上的一项研究,考察了孕早期暴露于昂丹司琼与胎儿心脏畸形和唇腭裂的相关性。

2018年12月,发表于《JAMA》上的一项研究,考察了孕早期暴露于昂丹司琼与胎儿心脏畸形和唇腭裂的相关性。

重要性:昂丹司琼是一种5-HT3受体拮抗剂,通常用于孕期恶心和呕吐,其胎儿安全性的证据有限且相互矛盾。

目的:评估妊娠期暴露于昂丹司琼与胎儿先天畸形风险之间的相关性。

设计、环境和受试者:使用2000~2013年Medicaid医保数据开展回顾性队列研究。这个队列包括1502895名女性,1816414例妊娠,记录了这些女性从末次月经前3个月直到分娩后1个月或更长时间的医疗记录;同时纳入了至少3个月大的婴儿。随访最终日期是2013年12月31日。数据分析开展于2017年11月1日至2018年6月30日间。采用倾向评分分层控制混杂因素。

暴露:在孕早期即器官形成期内使用昂丹司琼。

主要结局指标:主要结局是胎儿出生后前90日内被诊断为心脏畸形和唇腭裂。次要结局包括所有的先天畸形以及心脏畸形和唇腭裂的疾病亚型。

结果:在1816414例妊娠(母亲平均年龄,24.3[5.8]岁)中,88467(4.9%)例在孕早期暴露于昂丹司琼。

总体上,未暴露组1727947例中有14577例婴儿诊断为心脏畸形,暴露组88467例中有835例,绝对风险分别为每10000例婴儿有84.4例(95%CI,83.0~85.7)和94.4例(95%CI,88.0~100.8)。

唇腭裂的绝对风险分别是非暴露组每10000例婴儿中有11.1例(95%CI,10.6~11.6;1921名未暴露的婴儿)和暴露组每10000例婴儿中有14.0例(95%CI,11.6~16.5;124名暴露的婴儿)。

任何先天畸形风险分别是非暴露组每10000例婴儿中有313.5例(95%CI,310.9~316.1;54174名未暴露的婴儿)和暴露组每10000例婴儿中370.4例(95%CI,358.0~382.9;3277例暴露的婴儿)。

心脏畸形的调整后相对风险(RR)是0.99(95%CI,0.93~1.06),调整后风险差(RD)是-0.8(95%CI,每10000例婴儿中有-7.3~5.7);唇腭裂的调整后RR是1.24(95%CI,1.03~1.48),RD是2.7(95%CI,每10000例婴儿中有0.2~5.2)。

总的先天畸形的调整后RR为1.01(95%CI,0.98~1.05),RD为5.4(95%CI,每10000例婴儿中有-7.3~18.2)。

结论和意义:在考虑了已测量的混杂因素后,孕早期暴露于昂丹司琼与心脏畸形或总体的先天畸形无关,但可能小幅增加唇腭裂的风险。

原始出处:

Huybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S, Straub L, et.al. Association of Maternal First-Trimester Ondansetron Use With Cardiac Malformations and Oral Clefts in Offspring. JAMA. 2018 Dec 18;320(23):2429-2437. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.18307.

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