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Nat Med:CARD9通过调节肠道微生物代谢产物影响肠炎恢复能力

2016-06-12 佚名 生物谷

肠道微生物对于宿主的营养以及健康都具有重要的作用。这脆弱的生态平衡的打破会引起多种疾病,其中包括炎症性肠炎(IBD),CARD9是引发IBD的多种重要基因之一,它负责介导由模式识别受体激活后产生的胞内信号,包括NOD2,C type Lectin MAPK以及TLR信号通路等等。 CARD9能够通过IL-22调节肠炎的疾病调控,此前研究显示,CARD9缺失突变性小鼠更容易因肠道真菌感染引发肠炎

肠道微生物对于宿主的营养以及健康都具有重要的作用。这脆弱的生态平衡的打破会引起多种疾病,其中包括炎症性肠炎(IBD),CARD9是引发IBD的多种重要基因之一,它负责介导由模式识别受体激活后产生的胞内信号,包括NOD2C type Lectin MAPK以及TLR信号通路等等。

CARD9能够通过IL-22调节肠炎的疾病调控,此前研究显示,CARD9缺失突变性小鼠更容易因肠道真菌感染引发肠炎。另一方面,研究发现IL-22能够通过上调胞内AHR,从而起到免疫调节功能。为了研究其中的具体现象以及背后的机制,来自法国巴黎索邦大学的Harry Sokol1进行了深入的研究,相关结果发表在最近一期的《nature medicine》杂志上。

首先,作者通过向小鼠饲喂DSS诱导肠炎,通过比较野生型与CARD缺失突变小鼠的肠炎发生情况,作者发现突变体小鼠更容易引发肠炎。这一结果说明CARD确实能够起到抑制肠炎发生的作用。

进一步,作者研究了在肠炎发生过程中野生型与突变体小鼠体内的肠道菌群构成情况。结果显示:两组小鼠在患病7天左右肠道内真菌的数量都达到了最高值,但突变体小鼠体内真菌数量明显更高。进一步,作者发现突变体小鼠体内的真菌组成在0天、7天以及12天时有明显的不同,但在野生型小鼠体内则没有显著区别。另外,野生型小鼠肠道内的真菌菌群恢复能力比突变体小鼠要更强。于此相符,作者也发现两组小鼠肠道内的细菌菌群组成在患病期间也有相似的变化,只是幅度不够明显。在菌落多样性方面,作者发现野生型小鼠体内的细菌与真菌多样性增减变化存在反向相关性,但在突变体小鼠体内两者变成了正相关。这说明CARD9的缺失使得肠道内稳态调节发生了紊乱。

为了进一步研究这些肠道菌群变化带来的影响,作者将突变体小鼠患肠炎之后的分辨样品移植到野生型小鼠体内。结果显示,这部分小鼠患肠炎的敏感程度得到了明显提升。之后,作者通过转录组水平的分析,发现在这一模型小鼠中IL-22的表达量发生了明显的下调。与此相符, IL-22缺失突变体小鼠具有与CARD9缺失突变体小鼠以及粪便移植小鼠相似的表型。

为了研究哪一类细胞分泌IL-22,作者分离了多种肠道淋巴细胞,包括NK细胞,ILCTH17以及TH22。作者发现在粪便移植之后,小鼠TH22LTiILC等细胞分泌IL-22的能力发生了显著下降。这些数据表明CARD9的缺失引起的肠道微生物菌群结构的改变,使得上述细胞难以分泌IL-22,并最终导致肠炎恢复能力的下降。

作者猜想能够引起这一现象的机制可能是肠道微生物分泌某种代谢产物的能力下降,导致肠道淋巴细胞某一信号通路的发生了开启或关闭。通过实验,作者发现突变体小鼠肠道微生物产生IAA的水平发生了明显降低,而通过向该小鼠中回补IAA能够有效恢复其肠炎的恢复能力。进一步,作者证明细胞中AHR转录因子对于响应细菌的代谢产物并产生抑制炎症的效应具有重要的作用。

原始出处

Bruno Lamas, Mathias L Richard, Valentin Leducq, Hang-Phuong Pham.et.al.CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands.Nat Med.2016

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