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CSCO 2014:秦叔逵阿帕替尼治疗晚期胃癌的III期研究引起轰动

2014-09-19 王珊 中国医学论坛报

甲磺酸阿帕替尼是我国产的新一代小分子抗肿瘤血管生成药物,高选择性和强效作用于VEGFR2。 阿帕替尼治疗晚期胃癌">胃癌进行了规范化系列研究,I期/IIA期研究是在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院实施的单中心试验,共纳入56例患者,获得CR为1.54%,PR为12.31%,SD为66.15%,DCR高达80%。之后,进行了随机双盲、平行对照、全国多中心的IIB期研究,主要探索阿帕尼替用于应用过紫杉

甲磺酸阿帕替尼是我国产的新一代小分子抗肿瘤血管生成药物,高选择性和强效作用于VEGFR2。

阿帕替尼治疗晚期胃癌">胃癌进行了规范化系列研究,I期/IIA期研究是在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院实施的单中心试验,共纳入56例患者,获得CR为1.54%,PR为12.31%,SD为66.15%,DCR高达80%。之后,进行了随机双盲、平行对照、全国多中心的IIB期研究,主要探索阿帕尼替用于应用过紫杉类、铂类和氟尿嘧啶药物标准化疗,并且是二线化疗之后的已有转移的胃癌患者共纳入141例患者,随机分为三组,包括安慰剂对照组、阿帕替尼850mg(1次/每日)组和阿帕替尼425mg(2次/每日)组。

结果显示,与对照组相比,阿帕替尼不仅具有ORR(850mg组的ORR为6.4%,在425mg组为13%),同时具有生存获益,三组mOS分别为2.7、5.2和4.6个月,mPFS分别为1.5、3.9和3.4个月。该研究结果已在2013年9月国际著名杂志《临床肿瘤学杂志》(JClinOncol)全文发表。

现在报告的III期研究是在II期研究基础上,进一步评价和确证阿帕替尼治疗晚期胃癌患者的有效性和安全性。共纳入了273例患者,随机分为两组,即阿帕替尼850mg组为181例,安慰剂对照组92例。III期研究很好地重复出II期研究的结果,不但证实了阿帕替尼的客观有效和安全性好,同时证能够带来明显的生存获益。随机后有6例患者未用药,不进入数据集;获取随机号并至少使用1次药物的患者267例,其中试验组和安慰剂对照组各为176例和91例,用药前两组受试者均衡可比。

截至2013年5月23日,如果不考虑交叉给药因素,FAS集分析,试验组与对照组的mOS分别为6.5和4.7个月,即试验组延长了1.8个月(P=0.0149),HR为0.709(95%CI为0.537,0.937;P=0.0156)。PPS集分析,试验组与对照组的mOS分别为7.6个月和5.0个月,即试验组延长了2.6个月(HR=0.616,P=0.0027);HR为0.616(95%CI为0.447,0.849;P=0.003)。

 有14例受试者在揭盲为对照组后,进行了交叉给药,如考虑交叉给药因素的影响,对照组校正转组受试者的生存期后mOS是4.5个月。试验组mOS相比考虑校正转组影响因素后的对照组延长了2.0个月(P=0.002),HR为0.646(95%CI为0.473,0.882;P=0.006),即试验组在延长患者生存期方面疗效更优。试验组与对照组的mPFS分别为2.6和1.8个月(HR=0.444,P<0.0001);ORR分别为2.84%和0.00%(P=0.1695),而DCR分别为42.05%和8.79%(P<0.0001);两组的QoL评分变化相比较未见明显差异(P<0.05)。

 试验组耐受性良好,不良事件(AE)类型和发生率与已报告的阿帕替尼二期研究结果一致,亦与已上市的酮类药物类似。并未出现非预期的AE。试验组与对照组AE发生率分别为98.30%和90.11%(P=0.0038),3/4级AE发生率分别为60.23%和41.76%(P=0.0000),但是严重不良事件(SAE)发生率分别为15.34%和16.48%(P=0.8598),且与药物相关的SAE发生率分别为6.25%和6.59%(P=1.0000),多数不良事件可预期、可耐受、可逆转和可控制。该项研究是全球第1个治疗二线化疗之后晚期胃癌患者研究获得成功的案例,获得了国际、国内学术界的广泛关注和高度评价。

上述研究是由李进教授和我本人担任共同PI牵头组织的,李进教授做出了开拓性和卓越的贡献,更重要的是得到全国38家肿瘤中心的鼎力支持和积极参与,大家付出了许多的心血辛劳,应该说是团队合作和集体智慧的成果。

■点评 阿帕替尼在晚期胃癌治疗中取得成功——访军事医学科学院附属医院徐建明教授

目前,胃癌三线治疗无标准治疗方案。阿帕替尼三线治疗晚期胃癌的III期临床研究结果表明,与安慰剂相比较,阿帕替尼组患者生存期延长1.8个月,这在胃癌药物治疗史上具有里程碑的意义。

该研究的成功,除说明靶向血管生成的药物在胃癌治疗中应有一席之地外,还值得我们总结的是,前期一些抗血管生成药物的国际多中心临床研究的失败,可能是研究的设计上存在考虑不周的问题。其中,贝伐珠单抗治疗晚期胃和胃食管接合部腺癌的AVAGAST研究,虽然没有达到主要研究的终点,但是在分层分析时发现,与对照组相比较,美洲、欧洲和亚洲人群的生存期延长分别在4.7、2.5和1.8个月(HR分别为0.64、0.85和0.97),这说明三大洲在胃癌的内科治疗上存在较大的差异,以后的研究值得重视。另一个靶向血管生成的单抗ramucirumab,一线联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌的研究失败,但两个二线治疗研究REGARD研究和RAINBOW研究的成功,说明抗血管生成药物在胃癌治疗上还需要考虑给药时机。

抗血管生成药物无论是单抗还是小分子的TKI,单药的活性不是很强,针对胃癌这类恶性行为较高的肿瘤,在没有好的生物标志物富集合适的目标人群的情况下,只有在研究的设计上寻求出路,才可能给抗血管生成药物一个生机。

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