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Lancet:CT扫描致电离辐射可升高儿童罹患癌症风险

2012-06-23 高晓方 中国医学论坛报

  多国联合的一项研究表明,CT扫描所致电离辐射可升高儿童罹患白血病和脑肿瘤的风险,对于儿童,应尽可能降低CT辐射剂量。论文6月7日在线发表于《柳叶刀》(Lancet)杂志。     此项回顾性队列研究以1985~2002年间首次接受CT检查时无癌症诊断,并且年龄小于22岁的患者为受试者,通过登记系统获取癌症发病率、死亡率和从英国国民健康服务体系(NHS)注册中心失随访的数据。研究者

  多国联合的一项研究表明,CT扫描所致电离辐射可升高儿童罹患白血病和脑肿瘤的风险,对于儿童,应尽可能降低CT辐射剂量。论文6月7日在线发表于《柳叶刀》(Lancet)杂志。

 

  此项回顾性队列研究以1985~2002年间首次接受CT检查时无癌症诊断,并且年龄小于22岁的患者为受试者,通过登记系统获取癌症发病率、死亡率和从英国国民健康服务体系(NHS)注册中心失随访的数据。研究者估算每次CT扫描时脑和红骨髓辐射吸收剂量,分别于首次CT扫描后2年和5年对白血病和脑肿瘤展开随访,研究者利用泊松相对危险度模型评估白血病和脑肿瘤的超额发病率。

  结果显示,在随访期间,178604例患者中有74例被诊断为白血病,176587例患者中有135例被诊断为脑肿瘤。CT扫描辐射剂量与白血病[超额相对危险度(ERR)/毫西弗(mGy)为0.36;P=0.0097]和脑肿瘤(ERR/mGy为0.023;P<0.0001)发生风险呈正相关性。

  与接受辐射剂量小于5 mGy的患者相比,接受累积剂量至少为30 mGy患者的白血病相对危险度为3.18,接受累积剂量为50~74 mGy患者的脑肿瘤相对危险度为2.82。

  ■ 同期述评

  美国哥伦比亚大学医学中心爱因斯坦(Einstein)博士:十余年前一项里程碑式的研究提示儿科CT扫描所致辐射可引发显著的超额癌症死亡,但诸多医生认为CT扫描相关性的癌症风险仅具有推测性证据,并且至今尚无流行病学研究确切显示儿童或成人期医学影像学检查造成的辐射与癌症发病率升高相关。

  此项研究有助于平息CT扫描所致风险是否真实的争论。目前至少有12个小组计划或正在对儿童人群展开研究;澳大利亚和加拿大的大样本研究将在1~2年内得出结果。这些研究将提供更为坚实的证据基础,并将深化我们对低剂量辐射诱导癌症的认识。

  研究表明,20%~50%的CT扫描可被其他影像学检查方式替代或免于实施,因此对任何CT扫描均应加以论证。    

原始文献:

Pearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP, McHugh K, Lee C, Kim KP, Howe NL, Ronckers CM, Rajaraman P, Craft AW, Parker L, Berrington de González A.Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study.Lancet. 2012 Jun 7

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    2013-01-18 howi
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    2012-06-25 jiyangfei
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    2012-06-25 lq0307
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