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Diabetologia:多吃坚果可否改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖和血脂?

2018-07-31 吴星 环球医学

2018年8月,发表于《Diabetologia》上的一项随机对照试验的再分析,考察了坚果作为糖尿病饮食中碳水化合物替代品的影响。

2018年8月,发表于《Diabetologia》上的一项随机对照试验的再分析,考察了坚果作为糖尿病饮食中碳水化合物替代品的影响。

目的/假设:与当前的建议一致,研究者评估了以混合坚果消耗替代碳水化合物消耗作为不饱和脂肪来源,对2型糖尿病患者心血管风险因素和糖化血红蛋白的影响。本文呈现的数据来自于一篇按作者要求撤回的文献(由于缺乏同一患者重复测量的调整)。因此,研究者的目的旨在修正错误,并添加感兴趣的新的补充数据,包括凝血因子和LDL粒径等信息。

方法:总共117名男性和绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者入组,这些参与者正在服用口服降糖药且糖化血红蛋白水平介于47.5和63.9mmol/mol(6.5%~8.0%)之间。参与者在根据性别和基线糖化血红蛋白分层后以平行设计的方式,随机分配到3个为期3个月的膳食组:(1)全剂量坚果膳食(40人):每8.4MJ能量(2000kcal)中有2.0MJ(477kcal)由混合坚果提供(75g/日)(2)全剂量玛芬膳食(39人):3个全麦玛芬(188g/日)提供1.97MJ(471kcal)/8.4MJ(2000kcal)能量的饮食,与坚果的蛋白含量相似,碳水化合物折合的能量含量与坚果中单不饱和脂肪酸折合的能量含量相同;(3)半剂量坚果饮食(38人):一半比例的坚果和玛芬提供1.98MJ(474kcal)/8.4MJ(2000kcal)能量的饮食。首要结局为糖化血红蛋白的改变。本研究在医院临床研究中心进行,并于2008年得出结论。仅有统计师、研究医生和分析技术员对分组设盲。

结果:总共108名参与者具有可用于分析的干预后数据(全剂量坚果组40人,全剂量玛芬组35人,半剂量坚果组33人)。全剂量坚果膳食比全剂量玛芬从单不饱和脂肪中摄入的总能量高9.2%(95% CI,7.1~11.3)。全剂量坚果膳食(中位摄入75g/日)比全剂量玛芬还降低了-2.0mmol/mol(95% CI,-3.8~-0.3 mmol/mol)(-0.19%(95% CI:-0.35~-0.02))的糖化血红蛋白(P=0.026)。与全剂量玛芬组相比,全剂量坚果膳食组中,LDL粒径<255埃(LDL-C<255埃)者的胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平的估计值也显着性降低。根据剂量应答,全剂量坚果膳食预计可降低糖化血红蛋白(-2.0mmol/mol(-0.18%);P=0.044)、胆固醇(-0.25mmol/L;P=0.022)、LDL-胆固醇(-0.23mmol/L;P=0.019)、非HDL-胆固醇(-0.26mmol/L;P=0.020)、载脂蛋白B(-0.06g/L;P=0.013)和LDL-C<255埃(-0.42mmol/L;P<0.001)。无严重研究相关不良事件发生,但是半剂量坚果膳食组的1名参与者在铲雪后因房颤住院。

结论:坚果摄入作为碳水化合物消耗的替代可改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制和血脂风险因素。

原始出处:

Jenkins DJA, et al. Nuts as a replacement for carbohydrates in the diabetic diet: a reanalysis of a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2018 Aug;61(8):1734-1747. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4628-9.

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    2018-07-31 misszhang

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