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Cancer Cell:揭示狼狈为奸的致癌基因

2014-05-16 佚名 生物通

来自哥伦比亚大学医学中心(CUMC) Herbert Irving综合癌症中心的一项新研究发现,两个基因协同作用驱动了最致命的前列腺癌形式。这些研究结果有可能促成一种诊断测试来鉴别出那些有可能变得具有侵袭性的肿瘤,并为这一疾病开发出一种新的联合疗法。这项工作发表在5月12日的《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)杂志上。 以往的一些研究已揭示出FOXM1和CENPF基因均与癌症相关,但却没有任

来自哥伦比亚大学医学中心(CUMC) Herbert Irving综合癌症中心的一项新研究发现,两个基因协同作用驱动了最致命的前列腺癌形式。这些研究结果有可能促成一种诊断测试来鉴别出那些有可能变得具有侵袭性的肿瘤,并为这一疾病开发出一种新的联合疗法。这项工作发表在5月12日的《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)杂志上。

以往的一些研究已揭示出FOXM1和CENPF基因均与癌症相关,但却没有任何的研究表明两者有可能协同作用引起了最具侵袭性的前列腺癌形式。

论文的共同资深作者、哥伦比亚大学内外科医生学会系统生物学教授Andrea Califano说:“单独来讲,两个基因均未对前列腺癌做出显著的贡献。但当两个基因都开启之时,它们协调作用激活了与最具侵袭性的前列腺癌形式相关的一些信号通路。”

论文共同通讯作者、哥伦比亚大学泌尿科学教授及病理学和细胞生物学教授Cory Abate-Shen博士说:“最终,我们希望这一研究发现可使医生们能够鉴别出罹患最具侵袭性前列腺癌的患者,从而让他们得到最有效的治疗。获得一些生物标记预测出哪些患者将对特异性的药物产生反应,将有望提供更个体化的癌症治疗方法。”

科学家们普遍认为癌症的一个特征是多重遗传改变。Califano 博士说:“然而,将驱动癌症的少数基因与改变表达、但不直接促成癌症的大量基因区分开来,证实是一项艰巨的任务。当一些基因协同起作用时则变得更加的困难,因为不能逐个而必须成对地对它们进行分析。例如,与癌症相关联的近1,000种基因可以组合成大约50万个基因对,每个都有可能代表了一个协同作用肿瘤驱动子。如此庞大的数量向我们最好的统计学工具提出了挑战,并需要先进的系统生物学方法。”

“前列腺癌尤其具有挑战性,因为它具有各种临床表现,却只有相对较少的共有遗传突变,”Abate Shen说。

因此,为了找出驱动前列腺癌的关键基因,这一哥伦比亚大学研究小组设计出了一种新的实验方法,他们利用一些计算方法比较了人类和转基因小鼠模型中驱动前列腺癌的基因调控网络。

在许多癌症研究中,研究人员依靠小鼠模型来鉴别出在疾病中表达的基因。“然而物种之间的一些遗传差异使得难以将小鼠中的研究发现延伸到人类身上,”Abate-Shen博士说。
Califano 博士说:“通过追踪两个物种中这些肿瘤的调控关系,我们鉴别出了相同的恶性前列腺癌驱动基因,发现它们并不作为单独的驱动因子发挥作用,而是一起作为成对的协同作用驱动因子起作用。”

利用世界上最大的癌症研究超级计算机,解析结果鉴别出了FOXM1和CENPF是小鼠和人类侵袭性前列腺癌的一个成对协同作用驱动子,这些调控因子共同控制了与两个物种中最显著的肿瘤标志相关的一些遗传程序。两个基因单独出现异常表达并不会激活这些程序。而当共同起作用时,两个基因严重破坏了癌细胞,将其转变为非常具有侵袭性的肿瘤。


为了验证FOXM1和CENPF的作用,研究人员在4种人类前列腺癌细胞系中逐个及共同沉默了基因的表达。单独沉默任何一种基因都只会对细胞的肿瘤形成能力造成轻微的影响。而共同沉默两个基因则可立刻完全终止小鼠体内的肿瘤生长。这一观察结果与协同相互作用相一致,表明两个基因的联合作用远远大于它们单独效应的总和。

研究人员随后对接受了前列腺切除手术的900多名患者的前列腺癌进行了分析。分析结果显示FOXM1和CENPF共表达与最差的疾病预后之间存在惊人的相关性。与此形成鲜明对比的是,任一基因表达均与侵袭性疾病不相关。此外,两种基因均无异常表达的肿瘤具有最好的预后。

研究人员还证实,沉默这两个基因导致了PI3K和MAPK信号通路失活,这两条信号通路均已知是侵袭性前列腺癌的标志。“这更进一步地增强了一种可能性:联合治疗靶向FOXM1和CENPF有可能能够有效地阻止这一人类疾病,”Abate-Shen博士说。

哥伦比亚大学医学、遗传学与发育及泌尿科学教授Michael M. Shen博士说:“这还只是朝着更深入地了解癌症遗传学迈出的第一步。本研究中开发的工具和方法有可能在前列腺癌研究中具有广泛的用途,跨物种计算分析也可用于鉴别其他癌症及复杂疾病的病因。”

原始出处:

Alvaro Aytes15, Antonina Mitrofanova15, Celine Lefebvre1516, Mariano J. Alvarez, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Tian Zheng, James A. Eastham, Anuradha Gopalan, Kenneth J. Pienta, Michael M. Shen, Andrea Califanoemail, Cory Abate-Shen.Cross-Species Regulatory Network Analysis Identifies a Synergistic Interaction between FOXM1 and CENPF that Drives Prostate Cancer Malignancy.Cancer Cell May 12 2014.

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    2014-12-01 维他命
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    2014-05-18 jambiya
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