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Clin Infect Dis:HIV的母婴传播更容易发生在哪类人身上?

2017-06-23 sunshine2015 来宝网

艾滋病病毒感染(HIV)阳性,在分娩时的尿液中存在巨细胞病毒或CMV的女性,比没有巨细胞病毒或CMV的HIV女性传播HIV给子女的可能性高5倍。加州大学洛杉矶分校牵头了这项研究。该研究发现,这些女性将巨细胞病毒传染给婴儿的可能性高30倍。



具有巨细胞病毒的HIV阳性妇女更容易将HIV传递给婴儿】艾滋病病毒感染(HIV)阳性,在分娩时的尿液中存在巨细胞病毒或CMV的女性,比没有巨细胞病毒或CMV的HIV女性传播HIV给子女的可能性高5倍。加州大学洛杉矶分校牵头了这项研究。该研究发现,这些女性将巨细胞病毒传染给婴儿的可能性高30倍。

加州大学洛杉矶分校的David Geffen医学院传染病分科临床儿科学教授Karin Nielsen博士是该研究的资深作者,今天在临床传染病杂志上发表。

尼尔森说:“研究结果令人惊讶,因为健康孕妇的先前研究没有显示尿液中CMV检测,甚至宫颈分泌物和先天性CMV感染之间的关联。

研究还发现,分娩时出现淋病的妇女将CMV传染给婴儿的可能性高出近20倍。具有健康免疫系统的人可以防止病毒发生疾病,但通过母亲和免疫系统减弱的人感染的婴儿(如艾滋病毒感染者)可能会遇到严重的健康问题。

CMV可能会损害胎儿的生长,出生带有病毒的婴儿可能会损害脑,肝,肺,脾以及出现听力损失。反之健康的人通常不会出现任何症状,但可引起发烧,喉咙痛,疲劳和肿胀的腺体。然而,在免疫系统受损的人群中,根据疾病控制和预防中心,CMV可以影响眼睛,肺,肝脏,食道,胃和肠。

研究人员评估了260对母亲和婴儿 - 来自美洲的222例和来自南非的38例。没有一个母亲在之前曾使用过抗逆转录病毒药物。

研究妈妈和婴儿的尿液进行CMV测试后,研究人员发现:

9.2%的女性患有可检测的CMV,3.8%的婴儿患有该病毒。

具有可检测的CMV的妇女中有20.8%生下带病毒的婴儿。

29.2%具有可检测的CMV的妇女将艾滋病毒传染给其婴儿,而没有检测到CMV的患者中仅有8.1%将艾滋病毒传播给婴儿。

研究的局限性:样本量由母亲的尿液样本确定,在抽取数据的整体研究中的妇女在分娩时被诊断为艾滋病毒感染,因此加州大学洛杉矶分校牵头组织研究不适用于怀孕期间接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者。

不过,这项研究强调了在怀孕期间通过使用抗逆转录病毒药物预防母亲与婴儿的CMV和艾滋病毒传播来控制艾滋病毒感染的重要性。“加州大学洛杉矶分校儿科传染病博士后研究员Kristina Adachi博士说道。

原始出处:

Kristina Adachi, Jiahong Xu, Bonnie Ank, et al. Cytomegalovirus Urinary Shedding in HIV-infected Pregnant Women and Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Clin Infect Dis cix222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix222.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012297, encodeId=5c7c201229e3d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 09:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1439359, encodeId=8b9514393594c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45616352128' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#母婴#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63521, encryptionId=45616352128, topicName=母婴)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Jun 25 05:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214986, encodeId=51d52149868c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/16/120154c8cd7b66545790fe4076f58bd0.jpg, createdBy=dfa52032921, createdName=飞一飞, createdTime=Sun Jun 25 00:23:36 CST 2017, time=2017-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214400, encodeId=b4a82144003a, content=不错的文章,值得推荐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 23 14:59:16 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214386, encodeId=6e53214386ae, content=洁身自好,爱护自己保护孩子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/05/25/aee510ed68ce4736e9fe4ec7d03c01b1.jpg, createdBy=ce892064652, createdName=楠博One, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 14:42:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-25 zhouqu_8
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012297, encodeId=5c7c201229e3d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 09:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1439359, encodeId=8b9514393594c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45616352128' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#母婴#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63521, encryptionId=45616352128, topicName=母婴)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Jun 25 05:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214986, encodeId=51d52149868c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/16/120154c8cd7b66545790fe4076f58bd0.jpg, createdBy=dfa52032921, createdName=飞一飞, createdTime=Sun Jun 25 00:23:36 CST 2017, time=2017-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214400, encodeId=b4a82144003a, content=不错的文章,值得推荐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 23 14:59:16 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214386, encodeId=6e53214386ae, content=洁身自好,爱护自己保护孩子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/05/25/aee510ed68ce4736e9fe4ec7d03c01b1.jpg, createdBy=ce892064652, createdName=楠博One, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 14:42:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-25 飞一飞

    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012297, encodeId=5c7c201229e3d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 09:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1439359, encodeId=8b9514393594c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=45616352128' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#母婴#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63521, encryptionId=45616352128, topicName=母婴)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Jun 25 05:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214986, encodeId=51d52149868c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/16/120154c8cd7b66545790fe4076f58bd0.jpg, createdBy=dfa52032921, createdName=飞一飞, createdTime=Sun Jun 25 00:23:36 CST 2017, time=2017-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214400, encodeId=b4a82144003a, content=不错的文章,值得推荐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 23 14:59:16 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214386, encodeId=6e53214386ae, content=洁身自好,爱护自己保护孩子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/05/25/aee510ed68ce4736e9fe4ec7d03c01b1.jpg, createdBy=ce892064652, createdName=楠博One, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 14:42:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-23 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章,值得推荐

    0

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    2017-06-23 楠博One

    洁身自好,爱护自己保护孩子

    0

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艾滋病毒狡猾无比,它们成功的躲避着有效的疫苗,让科学家们束手无策。近日,来自斯克里普斯研究所的研究人员(TSRI)和拉霍亚免疫学研究所(LJI)的科学家们找到了新的突破口,他们最新的研究发表在最新一期的《免疫力》杂志中,此次研究表明优化疫苗交付方式和时机的重要性。

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