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JAMA Neurol:针对血管危险因素的干预预防痴呆症效果如何?

2021-11-05 Naomi MedSci原创

生活方式干预对预防痴呆症的潜在益处的大小可能比队列研究预测的要小,正如数据现在在老年人身上所显示的那样。对于从中年到晚年的更广泛的年龄段,尽管因果关系尚不清楚,可能存在更大的机会窗口。

      流行病学研究表明,高达40%的痴呆症病例可归因于可改变的危险因素。然而,尚无一致的证据表明针对这些危险因素的多领域干预可以预防或延缓痴呆。近日,在一项多领域重症血管护理预防痴呆症(PreDIVA)试验中,研究人员观察到,在社区老年人中针对血管危险因素超过6-8年的干预并不能显著降低痴呆症的风险。

      PreDIVA试验包括3526名年龄在70岁到78岁之间没有痴呆的参与者,他们是在2006年至2009年从普通人群中招募的,其中4%的人的Mini-mental State检查分数低于24分。参与者在6-8年期间被随机分为两组,一组是针对血管危险因素(吸烟、不健康饮食、缺乏运动、超重、高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病)的多领域干预,另一组是日常护理。这项研究得到了学术医学中心伦理审查委员会的批准,参与者在基线访问之前给予了书面知情同意。

      在长达4年的观察性随访中,研究人员评估了在试验阶段无痴呆存活的所有参与者的痴呆状态,结果是自随机分组以来的中位数(IQR)随访时间为10.3年(7.0-11.0)。幸存的参与者如果接受了正常的电话采访,认知状态得分大于30,并且没有正式的痴呆症诊断,则被标记为没有痴呆症。在所有其他病例中,都搜索了全科医生的电子健康记录,以寻找可能患有痴呆症的信息。由痴呆症专家组成的结果评判委员会验证了所有隐蔽到分组分配的临床结果。Cox比例风险模型和Fine-Gray模型用于计算具有统计学意义定义的ATP<0.05的双尾P值。所有分析均使用R版本4.0.3(R Foundation)进行。

  • 在观察扩展期间,除了在试验阶段被诊断为痴呆症的233名参与者外,176名被诊断为痴呆症的参与者被确认(缺失率:35[1.0%])。
  • 自基线以来,1871名干预参与者中有217名(11.6%)患上了痴呆症,而1620名对照参与者中有192名(11.9%)患上了痴呆症(危险比,0.99;95%CI,0.891.10;P=.92;图)。
  • 在意向治疗和按方案分组分析中,性别、年龄、心血管病史、载脂蛋白e4基因型、高血压(治疗和未治疗)或高胆固醇血症(治疗和未治疗)之间没有统计学意义的交互作用。
  • 总体而言,干预组有561名参与者(29.7%)死亡,而对照组有487名(29.8%)死亡(危险比为0.97;95%可信区间为0.92-1.04;P=0.69)。
  • 考虑竞争死亡风险的精细灰色模型对痴呆症的干预效果给出了类似的结果。根据舍恩菲尔德残差作为时间函数的检验和目测,比例风险假设得到满足,而且在动态模型(Kolmogorov和Cramer检验)中没有证据表明存在时间依赖效应。

      目前的长期随访研究结果支持这样的观点,即在现实世界中针对血管危险因素的多领域干预可能不会降低老年痴呆的发病率。

      研究人群可能太老了,不能抵消终生损害,或者研究对比度可能不够,因为对照组的日常护理质量很高。然而,研究发现与其他唯一一项长期多领域试验相一致,该试验在糖尿病患者的年轻人群中诊断为痴呆症(n=3800;基线年龄在65岁以下的占83%),并进行了为期10年的高强度干预(10至13年的随访)。

      生活方式干预对预防痴呆症的潜在益处的大小可能比队列研究预测的要小,正如数据现在在老年人身上所显示的那样。对于从中年到晚年的更广泛的年龄段,可能存在更大的机会窗口,尽管因果关系尚不清楚,在现实世界中实现最佳风险水平控制似乎不现实。可以在高危人群中探索多领域干预措施,尤其在更年轻的人群及预防性卫生保健欠发达的国家。

文献来源:

https://pubmed.80599.net/34633434/.

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    2022-06-24 yinhl1978
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    2021-11-06 Boyinsh
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948959, encodeId=03861948959e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1e4789584b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管危险因素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89584, encryptionId=1e4789584b0, topicName=血管危险因素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f49517, createdName=xinmeili, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 04:17:06 CST 2022, time=2022-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1820170, encodeId=d0b918201e0ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=97011003512e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预防痴呆#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100351, encryptionId=97011003512e, topicName=预防痴呆)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 16:17:06 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2001601, encodeId=8a412001601d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Fri Jun 24 11:17:06 CST 2022, time=2022-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836288, encodeId=a3a3183628841, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4613e1212fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71212, encryptionId=4613e1212fc, topicName=痴呆症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Sat Nov 06 10:17:06 CST 2021, time=2021-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1067535, encodeId=ff94106e535f0, content=很详细的讲解,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=65aa5643711, createdName=小白努力长高高, createdTime=Sat Nov 06 11:34:26 CST 2021, time=2021-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1246335, encodeId=e8671246335e1, content=老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=neuro.Dr, createdTime=Sat Nov 06 02:17:06 CST 2021, time=2021-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-06 小白努力长高高

    很详细的讲解,谢谢

    0

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    2021-11-06 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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