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Journal of Urology:上海交大陈海戈团队重磅成果:仅需几毫升尿液即可无创精准诊断膀胱癌

2021-10-28 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率位居男性第四位,其中尿路上皮癌是膀胱癌最常见的病理类型,其最大的特点是具有高复发率及高进展率。

膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率位居男性第四位,其中尿路上皮癌是膀胱癌最常见的病理类型,其最大的特点是具有高复发率及高进展率。

目前诊断及监测膀胱癌的金标准是膀胱镜检查,但因具有侵入性且检查价格昂贵,制约了其在临床中的应用和推广。而尿液肿瘤标记物、脱落细胞学等无创检查均缺乏灵敏度及特异度且不能揭示肿瘤基因表型,对于膀胱癌的临床筛查和精准诊断带来一定困难。

近年来,基于体液细胞游离DNA(cfDNA)的二代测序技术(NGS)正逐步推广于临床实践中,其中多项研究证明了尿液肿瘤DNA(utDNA)与循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)检测在膀胱上皮癌患者中具有发展潜力,但是目前在临床实践中仍缺乏对于其诊断效果的研究。因此对于其进行完整的验证,尤其是其与肿瘤细胞中体循环突变的一致性及影响其分析质量的因素是研究团队力争解决的科研问题。

近日,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院泌尿科陈海戈教授团队在 Journal of Urology 期刊以封面论文形式发表了题为:Urinary Molecular Pathology for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Urothelial Bladder Cancer 的重要研究成果。

该研究首次揭示了膀胱尿路上皮癌患者的尿液标本中,尿液肿瘤DNA(utDNA)展现了与肿瘤DNA(tDNA)多维度的一致性,同时提出了基于TP53、KDM6A、FGFR3、PIK3CA和ARID1A等五个基因研发的精准检测试剂盒,有望作为膀胱癌患者早期危险度分级、动态肿瘤监控、微小残留病灶检测及个体化精准治疗的有效手段。

研究团队前瞻性地收集了59例病理确诊膀胱上皮癌患者的组织及其对应的尿液及血液标本,同时使用180基因的检测盒对这些组织、血液、尿液样本进行分子检测。研究发现,传统的5个反应体细胞突变情况的指标(TMB、VAF、MSAF、CCF及突变总数),utDNA相比ctDNA具有与tDNA高度一致性。而以tDNA的检测结果作为金标准,utDNA检测的特异度、灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断准确率为99.3%、86.7%、67.2%、99.8%及99.1%,均高于ctDNA,体现出其对膀胱上皮癌的诊断具有高灵敏度和精确度,具有临床应用的价值和潜力。

研究人员进一步对utDNA检测在临床实践中的作用进行探索,通过对所有突变>10%的基因进行排列组合,挑选出了TP53、KDM6A、FGFR3、PIK3CA和ARID1A五个基因,研发了检测试剂盒。经测试,该试剂盒可诊断及监测92%的恶性病变,同时因为其无创、便捷的特点,可作为膀胱癌的早期检测筛查工具,未来将通过进一步实验证实其诊断效果,并进入临床成果转化,为更多患者带来福音。

上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院泌尿科张瑞赟医师和上海市肿瘤研究所癌基因及抑癌基因国家重点实验室臧婧羽博士为论文共同第一作者,仁济医院陈海戈教授与庄光磊教授为共同论文通讯作者。

原始出处:

Ruiyun Zhang , Jingyu Zang , Feng Xie , et al. Urinary Molecular Pathology for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Urothelial Bladder Cancer. The Journal of Urinary, 2021.

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