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Cardiovasc Diabetol:DPP-4抑制剂、GLP-1受体激动剂和SGLT-2抑制剂对心肾结局的影响

2022-04-14 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

2型糖尿病患者最常见的心血管(CV)表现是心力衰竭(HF)、稳定性心绞痛、非致命性心肌梗死(MI)、外周动脉疾病和缺血性中风,占死亡人数的60%。慢性肾病(CKD)也是2型糖尿病患者的主要疾病负担。

背景:糖尿病已经达到了令人担忧的水平。全世界有超过5亿人患有糖尿病,据估计,到2045年将有6.93亿人被诊断患有糖尿病。此外,据估计,有5.41亿人糖耐量受损,这使得生活在葡萄糖代谢轻微或明显改变的人数超过10亿人。2型糖尿病患者最常见的心血管(CV)表现是心力衰竭(HF)、稳定性心绞痛、非致命性心肌梗死(MI)、外周动脉疾病和缺血性中风,占死亡人数的60%。慢性肾病(CKD)也是2型糖尿病患者的主要疾病负担。因此,2021年对糖尿病相关死因的尊重已更新为670万。

在心血管结局试验(CVOTS)中,同时使用胰升糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)和钠-葡萄糖协同转运体2(SGLT-2)抑制剂的心血管结局试验(CVOTS)出现了相当意想不到的积极心肾结局,导致糖尿病管理从单纯细致的血糖控制转变为同时改善CV结局。因此,现在几乎所有的科学指南都在CVOTS数据的基础上推荐针对2型糖尿病患者的特定治疗方法,即在二甲双胍的基础上加用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1RA,这些药物被证明对患有心血管疾病、既有肾脏疾病或心力衰竭的患者有好处。由于二肽基肽酶(DPP-4)抑制剂对心肾转归缺乏疗效,建议仅用于控制高血糖。在2型糖尿病患者中开这些药物还有其他实际原因,因为这三类药物都与低血糖事件的风险相对较低有关,而接受GLP-1RA和SGLT-2抑制剂治疗的患者也可能从体重减轻中受益。

GLP-1RA和SGLT-2抑制剂的心肾效应可概括如下:GLP-1RA对MACE(重大心血管事件)有中等程度的益处,可降低全因死亡率和因心力衰竭(HHF)住院的人数,在减少大量蛋白尿的发生率方面有很强的疗效;SGLT-2抑制剂可显著降低HHF和肾脏结局,适度减少心血管或总死亡和MACE。然而,缺乏直接比较GLP-1RA和SGLT-2抑制剂的数据,这限制了临床医生在这两种药物之间的选择。间接的帮助可能来自网络荟萃分析,这是一种通过将研究网络中的直接和间接证据结合起来,在单一分析中同时比较三种或更多种干预措施的技术。以前的类似实验表明,SGLT-2抑制剂在降低HHF和肾脏结局方面优于GLP-1RA。然而,关于这个主题的新数据继续发布,这为治疗方案增加了新的证据。

方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase和Cochrane数据库,检索截至2021年12月10日发表的相关研究。心血管和肾脏结果试验报告了GLP-1RA、SGLT-2抑制剂和DPP-4抑制剂在患有或不患有2型糖尿病患者中的结果。主要结果是主要不良心血管事件(MACE);其他结果是心血管和完全死亡、非致命性心肌梗死(MI)、非致命性中风、因心力衰竭(HHF)住院和肾脏结果。

结果:共纳入23个试验,共181,143人。与安慰剂相比,DPP-4抑制剂不能降低任何心肾结局的风险,而与其他两类药物相比,DPP-4抑制剂与MACE、HHF和肾脏结局的风险更高。与DPP-4抑制剂相比,SGLT-2抑制剂显著降低心血管死亡率(RR=0.88)和总死亡率(RR=0.87),而GLP-1RA仅降低总死亡率(RR=0.87)。比较GLP-1RA和SGLT-2抑制剂在MACE、非致命性MI、非致命性卒中、心血管和总死亡风险方面的差异,SGLT-2抑制剂在降低HHF风险和肾脏结局方面优于GLP-1RA(分别降低24%和22%)。与安慰剂相比,只有GLP-1RA降低了非致命性中风的风险(RR=0.84)。没有直接比较这些抗糖尿病药物类别的面对面试验。

图1对MACE、非致命性心肌梗死和非致命性中风的网络荟萃分析的森林图。DPP-4i:二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂;PL:安慰剂;GLP-1RA:胰升糖素样肽-1受体激动剂;SGLT-2i:钠-葡萄糖共转运体-2抑制剂

图2心血管死亡、总死亡、心力衰竭住院和肾脏结局的荟萃分析网络的森林图。DPP-4i:二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂;PL:安慰剂;GLP-1RA:胰升糖素样肽-1受体激动剂;SGLT-2i:钠-葡萄糖共转运体-2抑制剂

表1 CVOTS患者的综合肾脏结局

图3 “概览”网络荟萃分析比较SGLT-2抑制剂、GLP-1RA和DPP-4抑制剂对心肾结局的影响。符号=表示无显著差异;符号>表示显著差异

结论:SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1RA在降低大多数心肾结局的风险方面优于DPP-4抑制剂;SGLT-2抑制剂在降低HHF和肾脏事件的风险方面优于GLP-1RA;GLP-1RA仅降低非致命性卒中的风险。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1RA都应该是治疗2型糖尿病和心脏肾脏疾病的首选药物。

原文出处: Giugliano D,  Longo M,  Signoriello S,et al.The effect of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes: a network meta-analysis of 23 CVOTs.Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022 Mar 16;21(1)

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    2022-12-28 jklm09
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  4. 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  5. 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2022, time=2022-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1294051, encodeId=7185129405189, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bb0e8081b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GLP-1受体激动剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8081, encryptionId=bb0e8081b2, topicName=GLP-1受体激动剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e183245, createdName=Eleven11, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 14:44:01 CST 2022, time=2022-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-11 quxin068
  6. 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  7. 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2022, time=2022-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1294051, encodeId=7185129405189, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bb0e8081b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GLP-1受体激动剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8081, encryptionId=bb0e8081b2, topicName=GLP-1受体激动剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e183245, createdName=Eleven11, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 14:44:01 CST 2022, time=2022-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-03-20 tulenzi
  8. 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