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JACC:BCSD或能治疗室性心动过速

2012-09-28 网络 网络

  交感神经系统在室性心功过速中起到重要作用。左心去交感神经术(LCSD)能减少室性心动过速的发生及因严重室性心动过速导致的心脏性猝死。但当LCSD对抑制是室性心动过速无效时,再附加行右心去交感神经术可能是一个可选的方案。采用双侧心脏去交感神经术(BCSD)来治疗室性心动过速,在人体的安全性和可行性还不清楚。   研究者设计临床研究,以明确双侧心脏去交感神经术的对持续性室性心动过速的急诊控制作用

  交感神经系统在室性心功过速中起到重要作用。左心去交感神经术(LCSD)能减少室性心动过速的发生及因严重室性心动过速导致的心脏性猝死。但当LCSD对抑制是室性心动过速无效时,再附加行右心去交感神经术可能是一个可选的方案。采用双侧心脏去交感神经术(BCSD)来治疗室性心动过速,在人体的安全性和可行性还不清楚。

  研究者设计临床研究,以明确双侧心脏去交感神经术的对持续性室性心动过速的急诊控制作用。通过回顾了6例行双侧心脏去交感神经术的患者资料包括那些已经行左心去交感神经术LCSD失败后再行右心去交感神经术RCSD的患者,均表现为电风暴发作,包括持续性室性心动过速或反复发作性室颤。其中5名为男性,1名为女性,平均年龄60.1岁,平均左室射血分数为25.8%。

  6位患者中,5名为单形性室速,其中4人曾行心内膜室速消融手术,2人曾行心外膜室速消融手术,术后严密监测、纠正所有可逆性因素后,室速仍持续存在。所有患者均接受了最大可耐受剂量的β受体阻滞剂治(50%为美托洛尔,50%为卡维地洛)及可达龙治疗。一半的患者使用利多卡因和/或美西律。其他抗心律失常药物要么有禁忌症要么对患者的室速无效。这5名单形性室速的患者中,研究者为3名患者进行了射频消融治疗,其中一名行心内膜及心外膜联合射频消融。另一名患者共进行了三次射频消融治疗。总体上所有单形性室性心动过速的患者在行BCSD前,均接受了射频消融治疗(平均治疗次数为2.2±0.5次/人)。所有患者均系不能行心脏移植治疗。

  在上述所有治疗方案均告失败的情形下,研究者考虑为患者行双侧心脏去交感神经术(或在LCSD后行右心去交感神经术)。

  BCSD后,66.7%患者有效,16.7%的患者部分有效,16.7%的患者完全无效。ICD放电或超速起搏在3名患者中完全消失,1名患者中减少一半。另一名患者从11次体外电击,减少至不许电击。只有1名患者对BCSD完全无反应。所有5名患者在BCSD后室速发生减少,顺利出院。1名患者在家属要求下放弃治疗。出院后,共有2名患者死亡,但均与心律失常无关。1号病人因持续发生心力衰竭恶化,选择接受临终关怀治疗。6号在家中逝世,具体原因不明,ICD未记录到死前有室速或房速发生。

  双侧去交感神经术后,未发现明显心电生理方面的改,也未发现持续性肾上腺功能不全的表现。2名患者发生手术相关性并发症(术后心衰加重和胸腔镜手术时单侧肺通气耐量低)

  据我们所知,这是已知最多病例数的双侧心脏去交感神经术的研究。研究样本量小,普遍适用性不高。由于缺乏随机化和回顾性研究偏倚问题,某些决策方面对研究结构的影响不可避免。

  BCSD的作用机理可能包括阻断星状神经节重塑、减轻心肌细胞或星状神经节内药物性心律失常的神经信号传导。多种证据提示心室肌BCSD 术具有抗心律失常作用。

  动物实验比较了左室、右室和双侧去交感神经术,发现双侧去交感神经术对心律失常效果最佳。关于脊髓刺激的研究和胸椎硬膜外麻醉的研究,据能减轻心脏总体的心脏交感张力,据有很强的心脏保护作用。

  与心脏停搏脉搏消失相比,室速和室颤是心脏移植术后患者心源性猝死相对少见的原因,因为心脏移植术的患者,交感神经是完全离断的。

  我们的研究提示,对其他治疗方案无效的持续性室速患者,BCSD可能是有意的。手术不会在成严重的并发症,预后较好。对BCSD在治疗人类心律失常中的作用,还需要进行进一步的研究。

链接:

Ajijola OA, Lellouche N, Bourke T, Tung R, Ahn S, Mahajan A, Shivkumar K.Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation for the management of electrical storm.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Jan 3;59(1):91-2.

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    2013-07-22 hbwxf
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    2012-09-30 仁者大医
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