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JAAD:反应停治疗皮肤型红斑狼疮需警惕卒中

2013-01-08 佚名 EGMN

  在欧洲皮肤病与性病学会年会上,来自美国宾夕法尼亚大学的Victoria P. Werth博士称,采用小剂量反应停治疗难治性皮肤型红斑狼疮(CLE)时最好与羟氯喹或者另一种抗疟药物联合使用,而应避免单药治疗。   Werth博士指出,在采用小剂量反应停治疗难治性CLE患者时,许多医生都会停用抗疟药物,原因是认为患者对这种单药治疗无应答,所以没有必要继续让患者暴露于这类药物的潜在风险当中。但这很

  在欧洲皮肤病与性病学会年会上,来自美国宾夕法尼亚大学的Victoria P. Werth博士称,采用小剂量反应停治疗难治性皮肤型红斑狼疮(CLE)时最好与羟氯喹或者另一种抗疟药物联合使用,而应避免单药治疗。

  Werth博士指出,在采用小剂量反应停治疗难治性CLE患者时,许多医生都会停用抗疟药物,原因是认为患者对这种单药治疗无应答,所以没有必要继续让患者暴露于这类药物的潜在风险当中。但这很可能是一种错误的做法。有着不同作用机理的药物联合治疗可能提高良好应答的几率;而且,羟氯喹或者另一种抗疟药物的抗血小板作用也有助于对抗反应停的促血栓形成效应。毫无疑问,对于难治性CLE患者,反应停是一种有效的治疗药物,但它同时也是一种问题很大的药物,比如近期一项西班牙研究就提示该药有可能增加患者的卒中风险。

  这项西班牙研究纳入了60例难治性CLE连续患者,所有患者都接受了反应停100 mg/d治疗,随访8年。1例患者因不良反应退出试验。其余59例患者中有58例都获得了明显的临床改善,包括49例(85%)完全应答者,定义为CLASI (皮肤型红斑狼疮病面积和严重度指数)活动性评分为0分。

  大部分患者都出现了疾病复发,通常在反应停减量或停药后5个月左右复发。亚急性CLE患者在停药后仍持续缓解的几率要高30倍;而盘状LE患者的复发风险更高(Br. J. Dermatol. 2012;166:616-23)。

  Werth博士特别关注的一个发现是:2例患者在用药期间发生了卒中。这2例患者的抗磷脂抗体均呈阴性,虽然均为重度吸烟者,但有1例患者的年龄还很小,本不应这么早就发生卒中。

  Werth博士指出,给难治性CLE患者使用反应停这类有助于形成高凝状态的药物是有问题的,因为这些患者往往已经存在多种促进血栓形成的危险因素:难治性CLE患者通常都吸烟,使用口服避孕药的女性患者也不在少数,而且抗磷脂抗体在CLE患者中的出现频率也较高。

  神经病变是反应停的另一大问题。在这项西班牙研究中,60例患者中有11例(18%)出现了感觉异常;神经传导检查确认这11例患者中有5例出现了感觉性多神经病。幸运的是,这些神经系统症状在停药后平均12个月左右都消失了。

  此外,反应停还是一种臭名昭著的致畸药物。它还可能导致卵巢早衰,尽管这在停药后通常是可以逆转的。

  Werth博士总结道:“显然,我们还需要比反应停更好的治疗药物。”为此,越来越多的研究开始关注反应停类似物治疗难治性CLE的可能性。这些类似物的活性比反应停高50,000倍,而神经毒性可能更小。其中一种名为来那度胺(Revlimid)的类似物已经获准上市,用于多发性骨髓瘤和骨髓增生异常综合征的治疗。其他类似物尚处于研发阶段。

  近来,几项小规模观察性研究报告了来那度胺治疗难治性CLE患者的有利结果。例如,西班牙巴塞罗那瓦尔德西布伦大学医院的研究者报告了15例接受来那度胺5~10 mg/d开放性治疗的患者的15个月随访结果。1例患者因不良反应提前退出试验,但其余14例患者在治疗前2周内都获得了临床改善。12例患者(86%)的CLASI评分降至0分。不过,这12例完全应答者中有9例出现了临床复发,通常出现在药物减量或停药后2~8周。不良反应为轻度且发生频率低,没有出现血栓形成或多神经病事件(Arthritis Res. Ther. 2012;14:R265)。

  在另一项病例系列研究中,5例接受来那度胺治疗的患者中有4例获得了明显的皮肤改善,另1例最终还是出现了SLE症状(J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2012;66:571-82)。

  基于上述以及其他有利的研究报告,来那度胺的制造商Celgene公司近期又启动了一种来那度胺类似物治疗CLE的首个Ⅱ期试验。

  Werth博士声明无相关经济利益冲突。

原始出处:

Braunstein I, Goodman NG, Rosenbach M, Okawa J, Shah A, Krathen M, Kovarik CL, Luning Prak E, Werth VP. Lenalidomide therapy in treatment-refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus: histologic and circulating leukocyte profile and potential risk of a systemic lupus flare.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Apr;66(4):571-82


    

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