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上海中山医院成功开展经心尖微创主动脉瓣置换术

2014-05-26 中山医院 医学论坛网

5月23日,79岁高龄的顾阿婆(化名)开心地向中山医院心外科医护人员道别,困扰她多年的重度主动脉瓣关闭不全已经根治,更让她和家人惊喜的是身体的恢复情况:术后2天下地行走,6天出院! “对于主动脉瓣狭窄或关闭不全,传统的治疗方法是通过外科手术置换瓣膜,但这种方式需要将胸骨正中锯开,还需要体外循环支持,创伤大、出血多、恢复慢,尤其是老年患者,还要承担多个脏器功能衰竭的风险。”

5月23日,79岁高龄的顾阿婆(化名)开心地向中山医院心外科医护人员道别,困扰她多年的重度主动脉瓣关闭不全已经根治,更让她和家人惊喜的是身体的恢复情况:术后2天下地行走,6天出院!

“对于主动脉瓣狭窄或关闭不全,传统的治疗方法是通过外科手术置换瓣膜,但这种方式需要将胸骨正中锯开,还需要体外循环支持,创伤大、出血多、恢复慢,尤其是老年患者,还要承担多个脏器功能衰竭的风险。”中华医学会胸心血管外科学分会副主任委员、微创学组组长、中山医院心外科王春生主任介绍说,“经心尖微创主动脉瓣置换术(TAVI)是近10年来心脏病治疗领域的重大突破,它颠覆了传统的主动脉瓣置换方式和路径,不开胸、心脏不停跳,大大降低了手术创伤和风险,对高龄高危患者具有巨大的优势。但是由于价格昂贵,国外的TAVI产品始终未能进入中国市场。”

5月17日,由王春生教授和魏来副主任医师领衔的心外科团队采用我国自主创新研发的瓣膜植入系统,为顾阿婆实施了华东地区首例TAVI手术。这是中山医院在微创心脏瓣膜外科领域的再突破,这一世界领先的微创技术使本已无法承受常规开胸换瓣手术的顾阿婆得到了彻底救治,且术后恢复迅速。

手术当日,中山医院的医生们首先在顾阿婆的心尖部位戳了一个小孔,然后通过操控一根细长的输送杆,将全新的生物瓣膜送入她的心腔。在造影屏幕的监视下,新瓣膜被准确定植于病变主动脉瓣的位置上。整个手术过程非常顺利,耗时仅1个多小时,顾阿婆的心跳和血压均未受到任何干扰,胸骨肋骨也无任何破坏,更无需体外循环,出血量不超过30ml。术后复查的心超和心电图显示:新瓣膜定位准确、工作正常,无瓣周漏,无心内结构和传导功能损害。术后半小时,顾阿婆即在手术室内苏醒并顺利停用呼吸机。

主动脉瓣狭窄或关闭不全是中老年人常见的心脏病,65岁以上人群中发病率约占到3%,80岁以上高龄人群中约占到5%。严重的主动脉瓣病变将导致心衰。一般来说,出现症状后的平均生存期仅为2至3年,而且猝死的风险很大。据估计,我国至少有30%~50%的主动脉瓣病变患者因高龄、心功能差、存在严重合并症等情况无法耐受手术或因恐惧而放弃外科治疗,这是长期困扰心外科学术界的一大难题。

据魏来副主任医师介绍,为主动脉瓣关闭不全患者实施TAVI手术是一个极大的挑战,即使在欧美国家也仅有零星报道。由具有丰富开胸换瓣经验的心外科医生完成这一手术,对病情判断、解剖理解和瓣膜定位将非常准确,即使在术中发生出血等紧急状况也可随时转为开胸手术,安全性大大提高。由于TAVI手术的有效性和安全性,2014年美国AHA/ACC联合瓣膜病治疗指南已将其列为重度主动脉瓣病变的标准治疗方法之一,这能使得大量原本已失去治疗机会的高龄高危病人得到救治。

在上海市心血管病研究所所长葛均波院士的大力支持下,2014年初,由心外科王春生教授和魏来副主任医师牵头,联合麻醉科罗红副教授、郭克芳副主任医师、孙敏莉主治医师,心内科周达新主任医师、马剑英副主任医师,心超室潘翠珍主任医师、赵维鹏主治医师,放射科曾蒙苏教授、杨雪医师,以及体外循环、手术室等相关科室的十余位专家共同组建了“TAVI手术心脏团队(TAVI-Heart Team)”。团队成员经过数月的反复讨论沟通,制定了周密的患者入选标准、围术期流程、手术方案和应急处理预案,并成功完成了8次大动物实验,顺利通过了中山医院伦理委员会的审批,最终成功完成本次手术。可以说,多学科团队的密切合作是中山医院作为大型综合性医院的优势,也是TAVI手术得以顺利实施的保障。中山医院是国内公认的微创心脏外科的领头羊,在瓣膜手术方面具有强大的实力和丰富的经验。此次使用的经心尖主动脉瓣膜植入系统(J•Valve TM)由国人自主研发,具有世界范围内的知识产权,该系统定位准确,易于操控掌握和推广普及,其技术明显优于国外同类产品;同时也降低了总体医疗费用的支出,有助于减轻国家医保负担。

相关文献:

Saxena P, Greason KL, Suri RM, Pochettino A, Holmes DR, Rihal CS, Mathew V.Axillary artery conduit formation for arterial access during transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement.J Card Surg. 2014 May;29(3):308-11

Weber M, Mellert F, Nickenig G, Werner N, Hammerstingl C.Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement with simultaneous paravalvular leakage closure in a patient with severely degenerated aortic valve bioprosthesis.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014 Apr 29.

McRae ME, Rodger M, Bailey BA.Transcatheter and transapical aortic valve replacement.Crit Care Nurse. 2009 Feb;29(1):22-37

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    2015-05-02 okhuali
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    2014-09-07 yxch48
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    2014-05-28 vera_1203
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