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对慢阻肺急性加重须及时治疗

2018-01-03 赵宁波 中国医药报

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种常见的以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病。其主要症状为长时间咳嗽、咳痰以及气短。吸烟、粉尘、化学污染、空气质量下降等都不同程度地损伤肺部,导致COPD的发生,早发现、早治疗可减缓COPD发病进程,并可预防由它引起的肺组织破坏。因此,提高COPD患者的临床疗效,降低其发病率和死亡率,延缓肺心病的发生,是我国COPD防治研究的目标重点,也是医疗科

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种常见的以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病。其主要症状为长时间咳嗽、咳痰以及气短。吸烟、粉尘、化学污染、空气质量下降等都不同程度地损伤肺部,导致COPD的发生,早发现、早治疗可减缓COPD发病进程,并可预防由它引起的肺组织破坏。因此,提高COPD患者的临床疗效,降低其发病率和死亡率,延缓肺心病的发生,是我国COPD防治研究的目标重点,也是医疗科研人员面临的一项重要而艰巨的任务。

不完全可逆性气流受限是COPD的重要特征,对于COPD的诊断和评价,肺功能测定是金标准,因为其变异性较小,重复性较好,为标准的、客观的检测气流受限的敏感指标。因此,对有慢性咳嗽、咳痰,并有危险因素接触史的病人,即使无呼吸困难症状,也应进行气流受限的检测。

减少个人对吸烟以及室内和户外空气污染等的接触是预防COPD发生和发展的重要措施。在人群中进行综合干预,宣传戒烟,在现有经济条件下改善居室、厨房通风和环境卫生等,是一种有效延缓COPD发生、发展和肺心病死亡的主要措施。

解痉平喘、抗感染等药物治疗是COPD急性加重期治疗的关键环节。呼吸道感染往往是COPD急性加重最常见的原因之一。COPD急性加重期临床表现大致可分为两大类:一类为呼吸道感染的临床表现,如痰量增多,痰液的颜色和黏稠度发生改变以及发热等;另一类为气道痉挛的进一步加重,如气促、喘息、胸闷或咳嗽,甚至出现呼吸衰竭和右心衰竭等并发症。因此,解痉平喘、化痰、抗感染,迅速缓解症状,消除危险因素,防治并发症,降低死亡率是有效治疗COPD急性加重期的重点。中医学观点认为,COPD属“喘证”范畴。痰浊壅塞,肺失治节,肺气失畅,病久及心,心脉瘀滞,因此导致喘促、痰鸣、口唇青紫;如果痰蒙清窍,就会导致神志恍惚、嗜睡甚至昏迷不醒。

综合中西医观点,祛痰抗炎,降气平喘,改善通气,是治疗COPD的关键所在。

临床实践证明,治疗COPD,除积极采用消炎、平喘、吸氧治疗外,合理配合使用现代中药痰热清注射液,能综合发挥祛痰抗炎、解痉平喘的作用,可改善患者通气,增加全身氧供,改善患者血气指标。

痰热清注射液是纯中药制剂,全方由五味药物组成。药理实验表明,痰热清注射液具有抑菌、抗病毒、解热和抗惊厥功效,对抑制肺炎链球菌、嗜血流感杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有明显作用,对呼吸道合胞病毒、腮腺炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒、流感病毒等都有显著的抑制和杀灭作用。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1894398, encodeId=51431894398d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db705221569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性加重#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52215, encryptionId=db705221569, topicName=急性加重)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2978132, createdName=minzju5052, createdTime=Mon Jul 02 12:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276150, encodeId=eb962e61505e, content=受教了!很好!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59d92055594, createdName=1381ecc003m, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 22:24:21 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275277, encodeId=48f32e527707, content=很好的文章,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 07:23:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275244, encodeId=f7aa2e524441, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 04 06:46:34 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275166, encodeId=24b22e516676, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 03 23:13:30 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275153, encodeId=57012e51531e, content=慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种常见的以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Wed Jan 03 22:31:47 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-06 1381ecc003m

    受教了!很好!!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1894398, encodeId=51431894398d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db705221569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性加重#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52215, encryptionId=db705221569, topicName=急性加重)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2978132, createdName=minzju5052, createdTime=Mon Jul 02 12:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276150, encodeId=eb962e61505e, content=受教了!很好!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59d92055594, createdName=1381ecc003m, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 22:24:21 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275277, encodeId=48f32e527707, content=很好的文章,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 07:23:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275244, encodeId=f7aa2e524441, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 04 06:46:34 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275166, encodeId=24b22e516676, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 03 23:13:30 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275153, encodeId=57012e51531e, content=慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种常见的以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Wed Jan 03 22:31:47 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 stupidox

    很好的文章,学习了。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1894398, encodeId=51431894398d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db705221569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性加重#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52215, encryptionId=db705221569, topicName=急性加重)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2978132, createdName=minzju5052, createdTime=Mon Jul 02 12:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276150, encodeId=eb962e61505e, content=受教了!很好!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59d92055594, createdName=1381ecc003m, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 22:24:21 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275277, encodeId=48f32e527707, content=很好的文章,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 07:23:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275244, encodeId=f7aa2e524441, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 04 06:46:34 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275166, encodeId=24b22e516676, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 03 23:13:30 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275153, encodeId=57012e51531e, content=慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种常见的以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Wed Jan 03 22:31:47 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.继续关注

    0

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    2018-01-03 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.了解了解

    0

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    2018-01-03 有备才能无患

    慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种常见的以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病

    0

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