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Cancer Cell:隐藏在非编码DNA中的卵巢癌基因

2014-09-15 叶予 生物通

科学家们一直致力于在基因组中寻找与癌症有关的遗传学改变。在此基础上,人们对癌症的理解以及癌症治疗都取得了巨大的进展。 这类研究大多关注基因组的编码区域,但这一区域只占到人类DNA的2%,应该还有大量癌症相关突变发生在非编码DNA上。非编码DNA曾被称为“垃圾DNA”,虽然人们早已知道它们其实并不是垃圾(许多转录为RNA),但解析这些序列的功能并不容易。 日前,宾夕法尼亚大学

隐藏在“垃圾DNA”中的癌基因

科学家们一直致力于在基因组中寻找与癌症有关的遗传学改变。在此基础上,人们对癌症的理解以及癌症治疗都取得了巨大的进展。

这类研究大多关注基因组的编码区域,但这一区域只占到人类DNA的2%,应该还有大量癌症相关突变发生在非编码DNA上。非编码DNA曾被称为“垃圾DNA”,虽然人们早已知道它们其实并不是垃圾(许多转录为RNA),但解析这些序列的功能并不容易。

日前,宾夕法尼亚大学的副教授Lin Zhang领导研究团队发现,一个非编码RNA的表达与卵巢癌有关,这一成果发表在本周的Cancer Cell杂志上。

研究人员在卵巢癌、乳腺癌等12种癌症中,建立了将近14,000个长非编码RNA(lncRNA)的DNA拷贝数图谱。卵巢癌和乳腺癌是两个主要的BRCA相关癌症。随后,他们以临床、遗传学和基因表达数据为基础进行过滤,剔除了与癌症无关的拷贝数改变,系统地研究了剩下的37个 lncRNA。

研究显示,1号染色体上的FAL1(focally amplified lncRNA)就是一个RNA癌基因。迄今为止,只有少数lncRNA与癌症关联起来。研究人员给免疫功能低下的小鼠引入人类卵巢肿瘤,然后注入siRNA对FAL1进行RNA干扰,这一措施成功使肿瘤出现了萎缩。

个性化诊断

FAL1在卵巢癌和乳腺癌中存在过表达,通过RNAi阻断该基因的活性,能减少癌细胞的生长。另一方面,这个基因的过表达会促进细胞的生长。研究人员在人卵巢癌样本中进行分析,发现FAL1的高表达与预后差有关。

“这是首次在全基因组范围内,通过生物信息学和临床信息系统性地鉴定lncRNA,”Zhang说。

为了鉴定FAL1的功能,研究人员找到了与FAL1 RNA有关的蛋白BMI1。BMI1是基因调控复合体PRC1中的一员,能下调数百个基因的表达,其中就包括编码肿瘤抑制蛋白p21的基因。研究显示,FAL1缺失会使BMI1蛋白变得不稳定。

研究指出,卵巢癌中的FAL1扩增使FAL1 RNA过量,增强了BMI1蛋白的稳定性,下调了p21,并最终导致细胞生长脱离控制。FAL1的表达可以作为生物学指标,帮助人们预测BRCA相关癌症的预后情况。另外,人们也可以开发小分子药物,特异性靶标FAL1 RNA或者阻断FAL1-BMI1相互作用,对相关癌症进行治疗。

原始出处:

Xiaowen Hu, Yi Feng, Dongmei Zhang, Sihai D. Zhao, Zhongyi Hu, Joel Greshock, Youyou Zhang, Lu Yang, Xiaomin Zhong, Li-Ping Wang,Stephanie Jean, Chunsheng Li, Qihong Huang, Dionyssios Katsaros, Kathleen T. Montone, Janos L. Tanyi, Yiling Lu, Jeff Boyd,Katherine L. Nathanson, Hongzhe Li, Gordon B. Mills, Lin Zhang.A Functional Genomic Approach Identifies FAL1 as an Oncogenic Long Noncoding RNA that Associates with BMI1 and Represses p21 Expression in Cancer.Cancer Cell, 8 September 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.009

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    2018-12-08 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2014-12-10 d830384
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    2015-03-25 维他命
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