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BMJ研究新闻:低体重者急性心肌梗死后的死亡风险更高

2016-04-21 MedSci MedSci原创

据发表于PLOS Medicine的一项新的研究显示,即使是校正了合并症以及评估恶病质和虚弱的措施后,仍可发现与正常体重的患者相比,低体重患者急性心肌梗死(AMI)后的死亡风险较高。

据发表于PLOS Medicine的一项新的研究显示,即使是校正了合并症以及评估恶病质和虚弱的措施后,仍可发现与正常体重的患者相比,低体重患者急性心肌梗死(AMI)后的死亡风险较高。

既往研究已经发现AMI后体重过轻的患者死亡风险增加,但是长期以来一直以为这与慢性疾病及其他合并症导致的恶病质有关,并没有单独考虑过低体重这个因素。

该研究的第一作者,来自纽黑文的耶鲁大学Emily Bucholz,及其同事分析了1994年1月到1996年2月之间参与心血管合作项目的患者的医疗记录。

从这些记录可以确定患者是否存在导致恶病质发生的病因,如充血性心力衰竭、肝硬化或慢性肾脏病。研究人员还探究了两项营养不良状况的实验室指标——贫血,定义为红细胞比容低于0.30,和低蛋白血症,定义为血清白蛋白低于3 g/dL,以及患者身体虚弱的指标,如接受疗老院护理,行动不便,或存在尿失禁。

研究共纳入了57574名患者,其中5678名(9.8%)患者基线时期体重过轻,51896名(90.2%)患者体重正常。体重过轻定义为BMI≤18.5,正常体重是指BMI在18.5-25.0之间。所有的研究对象年龄在65岁或以上,且已在医院治疗过AMI。

校正合并症和评估恶病质及虚弱的措施后,研究人员发现,与体重正常的患者相比,低体重的患者仍存在更高的死亡风险:30天时死亡风险高13%,17年时死亡风险高26%。基线时期不存在明显合并症或虚弱的患者中,虽然体重过轻的患者与体重正常患者30天的死亡风险相似,但是17年死亡风险体重较轻患者仍增加了21%。

研究人员列出了多个低体重患者AMI后的死亡率增加的可能原因。例如,体重过轻的患者其生理储备较低,治疗时或反应并不积极,或可能是“根本性的不同”,也可能是存在一个潜在的冠状动脉疾病遗传易感性。

研究人员指出,“事实上,其他的研究发现,尽管低体重的患者较正常体重和超重的患者心血管疾病的危险因素较少,但是低体重患者的冠状动脉疾病更严重且更广泛。”

对于临床医生来说,研究结果表明,用于促进癌症或心脏恶病质患者增加体重和生存率的治疗可能会产生一些益处,作者写道,“然而,需要试验来检测使用这些治疗是否可改善AMI患者的体重,以及低体重患者增加体重是否会提高起AMI后的生存率。”

原始出处:

Michael McCarthy. Underweight patients have higher risk of death after myocardial infarction, study finds. BMJ 2016; 353 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2276 (Published 20 April 2016).

Bucholz EM, Krumholz HA, Krumholz HM. Underweight, markers of cachexia, and mortality in acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study of elderly Medicare beneficiaries. PLoS Med2016;13:e1001998. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001998. pmid:27093615.

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    2016-08-30 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847967, encodeId=6ca2184e967c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 06:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83463, encodeId=d04b8346327, content=进一步证实了体重与预后的U型曲线关系, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210704/cdd1076905df433c93873ae6d3d51aef/eae5c73864694494acb8435eb7d2e9bb.jpg, createdBy=ec7b92572, createdName=lshanp, createdTime=Sun May 01 16:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82460, encodeId=b533824601f, content=低身体质量指数增加心梗后死亡率的原因解释,能说通吗?要怎么进行循证医学判断呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ebb1716792, createdName=黑心天使, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 13:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82409, encodeId=1a638240986, content=增加了见识,原来体重也影响, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82410, encodeId=feae82410ae, content=学了,体重是个影响因素, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255559, encodeId=2fb212555595a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63390, encryptionId=587f6339050, topicName=死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 13:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-01 lshanp

    进一步证实了体重与预后的U型曲线关系

    0

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    2016-04-24 黑心天使

    低身体质量指数增加心梗后死亡率的原因解释,能说通吗?要怎么进行循证医学判断呢?

    0

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    2016-04-24 明崖

    增加了见识,原来体重也影响

    0

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    2016-04-24 明崖

    学了,体重是个影响因素

    0

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