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Stroke:优降糖降低年龄<70岁大面积脑梗死患者的死亡率

2018-07-26 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

大面积半球梗死(Large hemispheric infarction,LHI)动脉缺血性卒中的特殊形式,特征为组织明显水肿,常与脑疝、死亡或不良神经功能预后有关。脑水肿会引起颅内压升高,导致其他脑组织损伤,很多情况下会引起脑疝和死亡。

大面积半球梗死(Large hemispheric infarction,LHI)动脉缺血性卒中的特殊形式,特征为组织明显水肿,常与脑疝、死亡或不良神经功能预后有关。脑水肿会引起颅内压升高,导致其他脑组织损伤,很多情况下会引起脑疝和死亡。治疗急性卒中和脑水肿的内科方案包括抬高床头、渗透性治疗、镇静和支持治疗,但是关于这些策略的证据是匮乏的。在LHI,去骨瓣减压术能够改善年龄<=60岁患者的预后。

磺酰受体1-瞬时感受器电位melstatin 4通道(sulfonylurea receptor 1–transient receptor potential melstatin 4 channel)介导了水肿的形成,这将是治疗脑水肿的靶点。在临床前的卒中模型中,阻断该通道显示能够减轻水肿和改善生存和神经功能预后。GAMES-RP试验评价了这个通路是否适合作为卒中患者的治疗靶点。

随着年龄增加脑萎缩越来越明显,特别是年龄>70岁的患者。在老年人,年龄相关脑萎缩能够提供更大的空间,因此能够代偿占位性脑水肿。几项成人LHI的研究发现较低的年龄是不良预后的预测因素。另外,观察性研究显示年龄>70岁者更容易被放弃治疗,特别是脑损伤者。因此,评价减轻脑水肿措施的最适合的人群是年龄<=70岁的患者。

GAMES-RP是一项随机试验,对照了18-80岁恶性脑水肿高风险患者采用静脉输注优降糖和安慰剂的疗效,最终该研究未发现主要终点(复合终点包括去骨瓣减压术和功能结局)的差异。但是,他们发现静脉输注优降糖能够减少中线移位,甚至有潜在生存获益的可能性。

2018年6月来自耶鲁大学医学院的Kevin N. Sheth等在Stroke上公布了他们的研究结果,他们分析了GAMES-RP试验中年龄<=70岁患者的数据,探讨静脉输注优降糖(vs 安慰剂)能否降低中线移位和降低死亡率。另外评价了1年时的死亡率、功能预后、残疾和生活质量。

GAMES-RP是一项前瞻性、双盲、随机安慰剂对照的2期临床试验。86例LHI(基线DWI体积82-300cm3),年龄介于18-80岁,发病10h内进行随机。在这个探索性分析中,研究者纳入了年龄<=70岁的患者,其中静脉输注优降糖组35例,安慰剂组30例。研究者评价了90天和12个月的死亡率、功能预后(mRS、BI)和生活质量,还评价了血脑屏障损伤(MMP-9)和脑水肿(中线移位)。

对于年龄<=70岁的患者,他们发现在任何时间点静脉输注优降糖组死亡率更低(logrank for survival hazards ratio, 0.34; P=0.04)。调整年龄后,在功能预后差异(mRS)方面静脉输注优降糖者90天时有获益的趋势(odds ratio,  2.31; P=0.07)。采用普通的估计方程(generalized estimating equations)重新对90天、6个月和12个月进行再次分析发现,静脉输注优降糖对Barthel Index(P = 0.03) 和 EuroQol group 5-dimension(P = 0.05)皆有显着的有效性。静脉输注优降糖者的血MMP-9水平更低(189 versus 376 ng/mL; P<0.001),中线移位程度更轻(4.7 versus 9 mm; P<0.001)(vs 安慰剂)。

最终作者认为在这个探索性分析中,静脉输注优降糖能够改善年龄<=70岁的大面积半球梗死的生存。

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    2018-07-28 karmond
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    2018-07-26 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,长知识

    0

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    2018-07-26 329523732

    不错

    0

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病例:正常菌群?无情杀手?只有一线之差!

每一个人其实都是一个世界,在我们身上生活着数量大、种类繁多的菌群,它们相互制约,也与人体保持平衡。在“正常”情况下它们对我们无害......那么在“不正常”的时候,它们也许就是杀死你的杀手。

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