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J Infect Dis:研究表明人为生态效应促使了H7N9禽流感病毒产生和流行

2013-11-11 中国科学院动物研究所 中国科学院动物研究所

自2013年3月以来,中国上海、浙江和安徽等地区出现人感染H7N9禽流感病毒疫情,众多的研究单位和学者进行了较为细致的病原学研究,揭示了H7N9禽流感病毒对人的高致病性,对禽类的低致病性以及这个病毒是一个基因重配的新亚型禽流感病毒。但是它究竟是怎么来的?源头是什么?中国科学院动物研究所野生动物疫病研究组何宏轩研究员带领的团队与杭州疾病预防控制中心进行密切合作,收集了杭州市人感染病例密集地区周边的活

自2013年3月以来,中国上海、浙江和安徽等地区出现人感染H7N9禽流感病毒疫情,众多的研究单位和学者进行了较为细致的病原学研究,揭示了H7N9禽流感病毒对人的高致病性,对禽类的低致病性以及这个病毒是一个基因重配的新亚型禽流感病毒。但是它究竟是怎么来的?源头是什么?

中国科学院动物研究所野生动物疫病研究组何宏轩研究员带领的团队与杭州疾病预防控制中心进行密切合作,收集了杭州市人感染病例密集地区周边的活禽交易市场中鸭子、鸡、鹌鹑、鸽子、褐头雀鹛以及污水和排泄物等样品,进行了H7N9禽流感病毒的检测,发现鸡、鸽子、鸭和鹌鹑呈现阳性,尤其是鸭子阳性率高达100%,环境样品包括污水和排泄物阳性率也达到100%。

人感染病例的流行病学调查显示大多数病例都间接或直接与活禽市场有过接触史,而活禽交易市场也是与人们日常生活不可或缺的。同时我们又在野生鸟类迁徙通道的重要地区采集了大量的环境样品和鸟类咽肛拭子,很难检测到H7N9禽流感病毒。那么它是从哪里来的呢?从生态角度分析,在活禽交易市场中,鸭子、鸡和一些宠物鸟类或者捕猎到的野生鸟类在市场中都有交易,H9N2/H7N3/H7N1等病毒在活禽交易市场的小生态环境中经过几年或更长时间的进化和适应,产生了适应禽类而不适应人类的新亚型H7N9禽流感病毒,也就使得H7N9禽流感疫情的发生成为可能。

综上所述,我们提出了H7N9禽流感病毒产生的“市场”理论,这种人为的生态环境正好迎合了流感病毒变异速度快的特征,或许这种人为的生态学效应加快了禽流感病毒进化和更多新亚型产生,关闭活禽市场疫情逐渐平息就证明了这一点。这项研究成果是从生态学视角对于禽流感的溯源、流行和进化进行全新的认识,对禽流感的未来研究具有重要意义。


原文出处:

Wang C, Wang J, Su W, Gao S, Luo J, Zhang M, Xie L, Liu S, Liu X, Chen Y, Jia Y, Zhang H, Ding H, He H.Relationship Between Domestic and Wild Birds in Live Poultry Market and a Novel Human H7N9 Virus in China.J Infect Dis. 2013 Sep 23.

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