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Nature:烟、酒致癌又一实锤!科学家在亚洲人群中证实,吸烟、喝酒会大大加速正常食道细胞致癌突变的积累

2019-01-17 奇点糕 奇点网

2019年1月3日,日本京都大学的Seishi Ogawa团队针对更大规模人群的研究证实,随着年纪的增长,正常食管细胞会积累越来越多的癌症突变。一些带有癌症突变的正常细胞在很早的时候便开始形成克隆,推动癌症的发生。

2018年年初,北京大学对45万中国人进行的流行病学调查指出,有抽烟、喝酒、喝烫茶习惯的人,患食管癌的风险飙升了5倍以上。

2018年10月,《科学》发表的上一项针对小规模人群(9人)的研究又发现,当人到中年时,健康人的食管中超过一半的细胞携带有癌症相关的突变,而吸烟者的突变数量又远远超过同龄人。

2019年1月3日,日本京都大学的Seishi Ogawa团队针对更大规模人群的研究证实,随着年纪的增长,正常食管细胞会积累越来越多的癌症突变。一些带有癌症突变的正常细胞在很早的时候便开始形成克隆,推动癌症的发生。

并且,他们还证实吸烟、喝酒等生活习惯会大大加速致癌突变的积累。这项研究可以说是板上定钉地证明了吸烟、喝酒会致癌。相关论文发表在顶级学术期刊《自然》上。

Seishi Ogawa教授

大家都知道,癌症是由基因突变引起的慢性病,致癌突变在细胞中不停地积累,当达到临界点时,正常细胞便会变成癌细胞。积累突变所需要的时间很长,所以癌症多发于老年人中。

携带致癌突变的细胞会一代代分裂、扩大,从而形成一个个独立的克隆。这些克隆不停积累新的突变,最终变成癌细胞,这就是癌细胞克隆的进化。在癌细胞克隆进化的过程中,有些基因突变发挥了关键作用,例如大家熟悉的p53突变,称之为癌症驱动突变。这些突变像癌症的引擎一样,驱动癌症的发生。

癌细胞克隆的进化横跨了整个生命过程,从幼儿早期到了生命的终点。但是人们对于这个进化的过程却非常不清楚,尤其是对于外界环境(如吸烟、喝酒等)到底在癌症进化中发挥了怎样的作用,还知之甚少。

这使得我们缺乏足够的证据来规避致癌因素,也让很多人心存侥幸,并喜欢拿各种借口来为烟、酒辩护。

为此,Seishi Ogawa团队对亚洲人中非常常见的食管鳞癌(ESCC)进行了详细研究,揭示了致癌突变在食管细胞中的积累过程,并分析了生活习惯(吸烟、喝酒)对癌症的影响。

他们招募了139名志愿者,其中93名患有食管鳞癌,2名食管高度不典型增生,还有44名健康人。其中有95名志愿者有重度饮酒或重度吸烟的习惯。

在这些志愿者食管的不同位置进行穿刺取样,取的是生理正常的食管上皮细胞组织(PNE),每次取样0.2平方毫米大小,进行全外显子测序。然后根据志愿者的年龄和生活习惯进行分组,比较测序结果。生活习惯的划分方式是否具有食管鳞癌风险,如吸烟、喝酒。

经分析发现,所有来自食管鳞癌患者的正常上皮组织都带有致癌突变。也就是说,这些癌症患者的正常组织中已经出现大量致癌突变了,而这些人中绝大部分都有长时间吸烟喝酒的历史。

穿刺取样的工具,看起来好瘆人......

研究人员对这些突变进行了比较,发现由不同因素造成的突变会形成不一样的信号。例如,在有吸烟、喝酒习惯的人中,其基因上突变会呈现一种独特的模式,研究者们将之命名为信号A。

无论是在正常上皮组织中,还是ESCC癌变组织中,只要是有吸烟、喝酒史的人,信号A都有明显的富集。而没有吸烟、喝酒史的人,信号A就弱得多了。

随后,他们又对部分样本进行了全基因组测序,并根据患者的年龄计算了突变积累的速率,发现在没有吸烟、喝酒史的人中,每个细胞的基因组水平上,平均每年会积累41.5个突变,外显子中会积累0.53个突变。

而对于有吸烟、喝酒史的人来说,基因组水平上平均每年会增加51.9个突变,外显子中则会增加0.81个突变。吸烟、喝酒使得外显子中突变积累的速度提高了49%。

外显子中突变积累的速率

不仅如此,进一步的分析还发现吸烟、喝酒会增加癌症驱动突变的频率。

有吸烟、喝酒史的人中,97%(62/64)的正常上皮组织样本都带有一个或更多的癌症驱动突变。而生活方式健康的人,出现癌症驱动突变的频率就小得多,为74%(69/93)。

其中被吸烟、喝酒影响的癌症驱动突变包括:NOTCH1突变,PPM1D突变, EP300突变, TP53突变和NOTCH2突变等。这些突变在各类癌症中非常常见。

此外,研究者还发现,吸烟、喝酒会增加携带癌症驱动突变的细胞的数量。

对样本中突变细胞的比例进行计算,发现有吸烟、喝酒习惯,并且年龄在50岁以上的人中,平均每平方厘米的正常上皮组织中带有7.5-103.5个癌症驱动突变,而不吸烟、喝酒,并且年龄在50岁以下的人,平均每平方厘米的正常上皮组织中则只有0-18.3个癌症驱动突变。

因为多个癌症驱动突变出现在同一个细胞里的概率极低,所以癌症驱动突变的数量可以代表携带癌症驱动突变的细胞的数量。因此,可以说吸烟、喝酒增加了携带癌症驱动突变的细胞的数量。

这项研究从基因突变的数量、突变的严重性(癌症驱动突变)以及携带癌症驱动突变的细胞数量三个方面,无可辩驳地证明了吸烟、喝酒会明显增加食管鳞癌的发病风险,并且这个风险会随着年龄的增加而迅速积累。

如果你觉得光一个食管癌还不够震撼的话,我们还可以提供更多吸烟、喝酒有害的证据,包括:

吸烟会大幅增加血管疾病风险,增加肺癌风险,并能影响后代智力发育,甚至二手烟、三手烟也会损害身边人的健康等等。

喝酒伤害身体的证据也如铁一般坚实,喝酒会给干细胞造成永久伤害,减少寿命(一杯酒少活18分钟),并且对2800万人的调查还显示:适量饮酒也丝毫不有益于健康。

春节将近,又到了亲朋好友聚会的日子,递烟、劝酒等习俗也即将在各地上演。

我们并不想扫大家的兴,但是事关他人的健康,在这里奇点糕还是要不厌其烦地说一句:吸烟、喝酒对健康百害而无一利,不要害己又害人!

生命的诞生本来就是自然界的奇迹,尤其是进化成像人类这样由数十万亿细胞构成的高级智慧生命,更是宇宙中绝无仅有的奇迹。这数十万亿细胞要有条不紊地进行分裂和分化,并且每隔一段时间就要进行新老交替,让生命延续几十甚至上百年,发生意外是不可避免的。

其实我们一直在悬崖边上行驶,如果再喝酒“醉”驾,吸烟麻痹神经,那只能说是嫌自己冲下悬崖的速度不够快。

原始出处:Akira Yokoyama, Nobuyuki Kakiuchi, Tetsuichi Yoshizato, et al. Age-related remodelling of oesophageal epithelia by mutated cancer drivers. Nature. 02 January 2019

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    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000558, encodeId=1a8410005583b, content=不谈剂量的伤害,各抒己见,有益与有害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3815220226, createdName=1477ab07m21暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 11:26:18 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1821056, encodeId=2a191821056cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=342e10116257' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食道细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101162, encryptionId=342e10116257, topicName=食道细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqcyT7aQIuoYGGYr889lEiaOVWSfvMQ4d2oxhTMlWzEr6lPmg6pxzCVvPScSZrne4JFSyyPRCOxllQ/132, createdBy=416a2500064, createdName=ms3323097325231039, createdTime=Fri Jan 25 10:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2065920, encodeId=fb8b206592063, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6474865145d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌突变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86514, encryptionId=6474865145d, topicName=致癌突变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dcaa509, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Fri Nov 15 23:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883546, encodeId=44661883546bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Apr 29 06:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370969, encodeId=c70c13e096919, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519827, encodeId=2e9e151982e31, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=506b401e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喝酒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40171, encryptionId=506b401e129, topicName=喝酒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc8811296196, createdName=ymljack, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619868, encodeId=ccfe1619868f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f652426921' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚洲人群#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24269, encryptionId=1f652426921, topicName=亚洲人群)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=358494, encodeId=f4eb35849478, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/hS7HFnXXnibS5gUOHMUd65m2V5tnLKnnTZzicawicMgmmkWL3iccXX5k4fWbicXsqVF1ZNcwyTvP6tDe9iaE6uZ4FuBA/132, createdBy=dc7b1736699, createdName=zcsglh, createdTime=Fri Jan 18 07:07:29 CST 2019, time=2019-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-29 liye789132251
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    2019-01-19 jambiya
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000558, encodeId=1a8410005583b, content=不谈剂量的伤害,各抒己见,有益与有害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3815220226, createdName=1477ab07m21暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 11:26:18 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1821056, encodeId=2a191821056cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=342e10116257' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食道细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101162, encryptionId=342e10116257, topicName=食道细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqcyT7aQIuoYGGYr889lEiaOVWSfvMQ4d2oxhTMlWzEr6lPmg6pxzCVvPScSZrne4JFSyyPRCOxllQ/132, createdBy=416a2500064, createdName=ms3323097325231039, createdTime=Fri Jan 25 10:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2065920, encodeId=fb8b206592063, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6474865145d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌突变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86514, encryptionId=6474865145d, topicName=致癌突变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dcaa509, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Fri Nov 15 23:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883546, encodeId=44661883546bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Apr 29 06:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370969, encodeId=c70c13e096919, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519827, encodeId=2e9e151982e31, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=506b401e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喝酒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40171, encryptionId=506b401e129, topicName=喝酒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc8811296196, createdName=ymljack, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619868, encodeId=ccfe1619868f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f652426921' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚洲人群#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24269, encryptionId=1f652426921, topicName=亚洲人群)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=358494, encodeId=f4eb35849478, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/hS7HFnXXnibS5gUOHMUd65m2V5tnLKnnTZzicawicMgmmkWL3iccXX5k4fWbicXsqVF1ZNcwyTvP6tDe9iaE6uZ4FuBA/132, createdBy=dc7b1736699, createdName=zcsglh, createdTime=Fri Jan 18 07:07:29 CST 2019, time=2019-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-19 ymljack
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000558, encodeId=1a8410005583b, content=不谈剂量的伤害,各抒己见,有益与有害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3815220226, createdName=1477ab07m21暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 11:26:18 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1821056, encodeId=2a191821056cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=342e10116257' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食道细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101162, encryptionId=342e10116257, topicName=食道细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqcyT7aQIuoYGGYr889lEiaOVWSfvMQ4d2oxhTMlWzEr6lPmg6pxzCVvPScSZrne4JFSyyPRCOxllQ/132, createdBy=416a2500064, createdName=ms3323097325231039, createdTime=Fri Jan 25 10:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2065920, encodeId=fb8b206592063, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6474865145d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌突变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86514, encryptionId=6474865145d, topicName=致癌突变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dcaa509, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Fri Nov 15 23:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883546, encodeId=44661883546bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Apr 29 06:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370969, encodeId=c70c13e096919, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519827, encodeId=2e9e151982e31, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=506b401e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喝酒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40171, encryptionId=506b401e129, topicName=喝酒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc8811296196, createdName=ymljack, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619868, encodeId=ccfe1619868f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f652426921' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚洲人群#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24269, encryptionId=1f652426921, topicName=亚洲人群)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=358494, encodeId=f4eb35849478, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/hS7HFnXXnibS5gUOHMUd65m2V5tnLKnnTZzicawicMgmmkWL3iccXX5k4fWbicXsqVF1ZNcwyTvP6tDe9iaE6uZ4FuBA/132, createdBy=dc7b1736699, createdName=zcsglh, createdTime=Fri Jan 18 07:07:29 CST 2019, time=2019-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000558, encodeId=1a8410005583b, content=不谈剂量的伤害,各抒己见,有益与有害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3815220226, createdName=1477ab07m21暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 11:26:18 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1821056, encodeId=2a191821056cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=342e10116257' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食道细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101162, encryptionId=342e10116257, topicName=食道细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqcyT7aQIuoYGGYr889lEiaOVWSfvMQ4d2oxhTMlWzEr6lPmg6pxzCVvPScSZrne4JFSyyPRCOxllQ/132, createdBy=416a2500064, createdName=ms3323097325231039, createdTime=Fri Jan 25 10:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2065920, encodeId=fb8b206592063, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6474865145d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌突变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86514, encryptionId=6474865145d, topicName=致癌突变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dcaa509, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Fri Nov 15 23:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883546, encodeId=44661883546bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Apr 29 06:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370969, encodeId=c70c13e096919, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519827, encodeId=2e9e151982e31, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=506b401e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喝酒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40171, encryptionId=506b401e129, topicName=喝酒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc8811296196, createdName=ymljack, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619868, encodeId=ccfe1619868f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f652426921' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚洲人群#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24269, encryptionId=1f652426921, topicName=亚洲人群)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=358494, encodeId=f4eb35849478, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/hS7HFnXXnibS5gUOHMUd65m2V5tnLKnnTZzicawicMgmmkWL3iccXX5k4fWbicXsqVF1ZNcwyTvP6tDe9iaE6uZ4FuBA/132, createdBy=dc7b1736699, createdName=zcsglh, createdTime=Fri Jan 18 07:07:29 CST 2019, time=2019-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-18 zcsglh

    学习了

    0

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时至今日,我们依旧谈癌色变,而糖尿病和癌症有着千丝万缕的联系,有研究指出糖尿病患者罹患肿瘤的风险增加,且糖尿病患者合并肿瘤的预后及死亡风险增加,同时,治疗糖尿病的药物二甲双胍也在降低癌症风险上展现出优良成效。那么,糖尿病和癌症间是否存在不为人知的联系?7月19日,以复旦大学、复旦大学附属中山医院为首的研究团队在著名学术期刊《Nature》上发表的论文揭示了糖尿病致癌新通路,为癌症防治提供了全新的思

Oncotarget:两种常见的铁补充剂可能致癌

一项新研究发现,两种常用于补充剂和食品添加剂中的铁化合物会使一种癌症的生物标志物水平上升,即使在摄入量很少的情况下也是如此。

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