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吸入泥磷发生急性肺损伤3例

2018-10-08 王珏 王云徽 钱传云 中国急救医学

泥磷是制磷生产过程中所产生的废料,其中有大量的有毒物质,包括黄磷、磷化氢(PH3)、稀磷酸、二氧化硅(SiO2)、一氧化碳(CO)等。近几十年来,我国关于黄磷生产过程发生中毒事件的报道很多,也颁布了GBZ11-2014职业性急性磷化氢中毒的诊断和GBZ81-2002职业性磷中毒诊断标准,急性磷中毒主要导致肝肾损伤。本文就我院收治的3例吸入泥磷后发生急性肺损伤(ALI)的病案进行报道,同时结合国内外

泥磷是制磷生产过程中所产生的废料,其中有大量的有毒物质,包括黄磷、磷化氢(PH3)、稀磷酸、二氧化硅(SiO2)、一氧化碳(CO)等。近几十年来,我国关于黄磷生产过程发生中毒事件的报道很多,也颁布了GBZ11-2014职业性急性磷化氢中毒的诊断和GBZ81-2002职业性磷中毒诊断标准,急性磷中毒主要导致肝肾损伤。本文就我院收治的3例吸入泥磷后发生急性肺损伤(ALI)的病案进行报道,同时结合国内外文献分析其具体中毒物质、病理生理过程和治疗方案。
 
1.病例1
 
1.1一般资料 
 
患者,男,47岁,2017-03-04就诊我院,既往健康,无慢性疾病史。该患者2月中旬开始处理黄磷厂的废料泥磷,几天后出现胸闷、咳嗽、呼吸困难。共处理泥磷12d。
 
1.2入院检查 
 
体温(T)37.9℃,心率(HR)104次/min,呼吸(R)44次/min,血压(BP)145/88mmHg,血氧饱和度(SpO2)76%~80%;动脉血气:PaO2 51.7mmHg,PaCO2 37mmHg,氧合指数(OI)51.69mmHg;血白细胞计数(WBC)23.65×109/L,血小板23×109/L,白蛋白24.2g/L,cTnI0.152μg/L。双肺呼吸音粗,双下肺闻及湿啰音,余检查未见明显异常。入院CT表现为间质性肺炎,双上肺最严重。
 
1.3 诊疗经过 
 
予以密切监测生命体征、持续性无创呼吸机通气支持,甲泼尼龙80mgq12h静滴+布地奈德1mgq8h吸入,以减轻肺损伤和预防肺水肿,同时抗感染、湿化气道、预防肺纤维化、保肝、营养心肌及适量补液等治疗,并复查胸片、血气分析、肝肾功能、血常规及心肌酶谱。
 
1.4 转归 
 
患者入院以来表现为Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭,治疗后未见明显好转,第11天患者出现血氧饱和度进行性下降,HR150~160次/min,行气管插管术呼吸机辅助呼吸。动脉血气:PaO2 41.6mmHg,PaCO2 90mmHg,OI41.6mmHg;SpO2 60%~70%,之后心率下降,予以CPR,同时行胸部X线提示气胸,右肺压缩75%,立即行胸腔闭式引流穿刺,经CPR、血管活性药物使用及电除颤抢救无效,宣告死亡。
 
2.病例2
 
2.1 一般资料 
 
患者,男,41岁,2017-03-06就诊我院,既往健康,无慢性疾病史。该患者与案例1共同处理黄磷厂的废料泥磷,几天后出现胸闷、咳嗽、呼吸困难。共处理泥磷10d。
 
2.2 入院检查 
 
T36.9℃,HR77次/min,R22次/min,BP109/66mmHg;SpO2 87%~93%,动脉血气:PaO2 56.2mmHg,PaCO2 34.3mmHg,OI102mmHg;血WBC14.41×109/L,白蛋白24.2g/L,cTnI0.105μg/L,双下肺闻及湿啰音,余检查未见明显异常。入院表现为间质性肺炎,双上肺很严重。
 
2.3 诊疗经过  

密切监测生命体征、面罩吸氧,给予甲泼尼龙40mgq12h静滴+布地奈德1mgq8h吸入,以减轻肺损伤和预防肺水肿,同时抗感染、湿化气道、预防肺纤维化、保肝、营养心肌及适量补液等治疗,并复查胸片、血气分析、肝肾功能、血常规及心肌酶谱。
 
2.4 转归 
 
患者入院第18天胸片显示病灶较前吸收,左肺出现一10.8 cm×4.9 cm的肺大泡,嘱患者平躺休息,避免剧烈运动、咳嗽等。入院35d后病情平稳,复查CT,病灶较之前吸收,肺大泡未见缩小。OI240mmHg。给予口服醋酸泼尼松片带药出院,出院时患者一般活动后仍感气促。截至作者交稿时电话随访,患者一般活动后无明显气促,复查CT肺大泡无减小。
 
3.病例3
 
3.1 一般资料 
 
患者,男,43岁,2017-03-20就诊我院,既往健康,无慢性疾病史。该患者与病例1、2共同处理黄磷厂的废料泥磷,共处理泥磷4d。
 
3.2 入院检查 
 
T36.4℃,HR92次/min,R21次/min,BP110/77mmHg;SaO2 96%,动脉血气:PaO2 79mmHg,PaCO2 31mmHg,OI376mmHg;双下肺闻及少量湿啰音,余检查未见异常。入院CT表现为间质性肺炎,双上肺最严重,该患者肺部损伤较前两者更轻。
 
3.3 诊疗经过 
 
予以密切监测生命体征、布地奈德1mgq8h吸入,湿化气道、预防肺纤维化等治疗,并随访胸片、血气分析、肝肾功能及血常规。
 
3.4 转归 
 
病例3入院病情较稳定,入院10天复查CT,病灶较之前吸收,OI400mmHg,给予吸入布地奈德带药出院。出院时患者仍觉得上楼梯时胸闷。截至作者交稿时电话随访,患者可以从事一般的体力劳动。

原始出处:

王珏, 王云徽, 钱传云. 吸入泥磷发生急性肺损伤3例报道并文献分析[J]. 中国急救医学, 2017, 37(8).

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    2018-10-10 tastas
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    2018-10-08 医者仁心5538

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