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Nat Med:新冠阴云下,巴西人口的预期寿命有所减少 

2021-07-05 haibei MedSci原创

研究人员估计2020年出生时的预期寿命(e0)下降了1.3年,这是自2014年以来未见的死亡率水平。

截至2021年6月9日,COVID-19已经在全球范围内正式夺走了370多万条生命,其中48%在美洲。由于监测不足、检测有限导致无法正确诊断、遵守报告疑似COVID-19死亡的协议问题以及死亡地点(例如,在家里),实际死亡人数可能更高。

其中,美国和巴西共占世界死亡人数的28%,占美洲死亡人数的59%。在这两个国家,对于新冠的应对措施在区域上是不一致的,国家协调工作令人遗憾,导致了死亡率居高不下且具有很大的不平等性。目前,巴西继续面临着严峻的形势。2021年4月是该大流行病开始以来最致命的一个月:九个首都城市报告的死亡人数超过了出生人数,到4月25日,2021年新冠的死亡人数超过了2020年的报告人数。

这一死亡人数的后果可以用e0来衡量,它表明如果一个新生儿在某一年出生,并在一生中受到该年的普遍死亡率的影响,他的平均寿命的长短。e0的变化可以反映两个时期的预期寿命的不同,例如在大流行之前和大流行期间。例如,1918年的流感大流行估计使美国的e0减少了7-12岁。据估计,由于新冠造成的死亡率,使美国的e0减少了1.13年,从而使其回到了2003年观察到的数值。

同样,鉴于老年人死于COVID-19的风险较高,死亡人数可以用e65来衡量,定义为一个65岁的人如果受到特定年份65岁及以上的基本死亡率的影响,预计可以活到的平均年数。

在最近的一项研究中,研究人员使用2020年和2021年1-4月报告的总死亡人数的数据来衡量和比较各州的死亡人数。研究人员估计2020年出生时的预期寿命(e0)下降了1.3年,这是自2014年以来未见的死亡率水平。此外,2020年65岁时的预期寿命(e65)减少了0.9年,使巴西回到了2012年的水平。

按州和性别划分的预期寿命的变化

从性别角度分析,男性的下降幅度更大,女性和男性的e0差距扩大了9.1%。在各州中,亚马逊州自2000年以来失去了60.4%的e0改善。在2021年的前4个月,COVID-19的死亡人数占2020年总人数的107%。

假设在没有COVID-19的情况下,死亡率等于2019年的全因率,2021年COVID-19的死亡已经使2021年的e0减少了1.8年,这比类似假设下估计的2020年的减少略大。

 

原始出处:

Marcia C. Castro et al. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. Nature Medcine (2021). 

 

 

 

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    2022-03-05 liye789132251
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    2021-07-05 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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