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Science子刊:老年痴呆可能是大脑对抗感染性病菌导致的

2016-06-01 佚名 生物谷

新的研究表明阿尔兹海默症是在大脑试图对抗入侵微生物(如细菌或病毒)的过程中引发的。虽然具体的过程还不是很清楚,但似乎感染性病原体穿越血脑屏障时会导致大脑状态相关的粘性斑块的形成。到目前为止,这个假说只在小鼠上被验证,但如果同样的过程发生在人类身上,就可能帮助科学家进一步了解阿尔兹海默症,并有可能在将来发现更加有效的治疗方法。

正如Anil Ananthaswamy在New Scientist 中报道,来自神经细胞外周脂膜的β淀粉样蛋白粘斑一直被认为与阿尔兹海默症相关,尽管研究者们仍然没有找到足够的证据解释这种粘斑为什么会累积,他们有什么作用。他们所知道的就是如果一个人患了老年痴呆症,一般情况下他大脑里就会有粘斑形成。粘斑被认为是大脑受到感染后的自然反应,在这个过程中细胞与细胞之间的信号被阻断,免疫反应被激活来杀死功能受损的细胞,往往可能导致记忆的丢失和迷乱,这些都是与阿尔兹海默症相关的症状。

为验证这一假设,一组来自哈佛医学院的研究者将细菌注入小鼠的大脑,发现过夜后就有斑块形成。接着他们用蛔虫和培养的神经细胞做相同的实验,得到了一致的结果,证明了当大脑收到病原菌的威胁时,就会有斑块的形成。

但他们依然不清楚斑块形成后会发生什么,研究者们表示β淀粉样蛋白可能是被用来包围并杀死哪些穿越血脑屏障的细菌、病毒或其他病原体的。如果这些蛋白斑块不及时清除掉,就有可能引发免疫反应和其他的蛋白质缠结物,最终导致阿尔兹海默症。这些结果说明先天性免疫系统的免疫途径可能是治疗阿尔兹海默症的潜在靶点。

血脑屏障会随着年龄的增长逐渐变差,这就意味着有害病菌更有可能通过血脑屏障,也就解释了阿尔兹海默症为什么会在老年人中比较常见。

该研究的下一步就是要在因老年痴呆死亡人群的大脑中去验证这一新假设是否成立。神经学家David Holtzman 评价这是一项原创性的新发现。

之前有科学家想过这些粘斑的形成似乎是变老的结果,但这些斑块的初衷真的是为了帮我们抵抗病原菌的入侵,虽然最终他对我们是有害的。

这些研究结果已经被发表在Science Translational Medicine 杂志上。

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    2016-10-13 ylzr123

    赞了,认真探究、学习。

    0

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    2016-09-17 ylzr123

    文章有深度,赞一个。深入学习探讨。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147524, encodeId=629514e52403, content=赞了,认真探究、学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 10:39:07 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129105, encodeId=8bcc1291059f, content=文章有深度,赞一个。深入学习探讨。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 08:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=119413, encodeId=a9181194131e, content=好文章,百姓也能从中学到好多医学知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 10 15:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1655349, encodeId=19dd16553493c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c2853311ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#感染性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53311, encryptionId=7c2853311ac, topicName=感染性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=583d24724321, createdName=charl1234575, createdTime=Sun Aug 14 12:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375255, encodeId=83ff13e5255f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Jun 03 05:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88301, encodeId=37c588301c9, content=新的思路, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151221/IMG56775F612C7C91036.jpg, createdBy=8b4d1672931, createdName=hf8028, createdTime=Thu Jun 02 22:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88192, encodeId=e8bf8819221, content=新的提法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Thu Jun 02 06:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-10 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,百姓也能从中学到好多医学知识

    0

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    2016-06-03 jichang
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    2016-06-02 hf8028

    新的思路

    0

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    2016-06-02 老段

    新的提法

    0

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