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BMC Nephrol :SARS-CoV-2感染在双峰年龄分布中增加急性肾损伤的风险

2022-03-15 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

截至2021年3月,SARS-CoV2大流行已导致超过270万人死亡。感染会导致广泛的临床症状,从无症状到严重的多器官衰竭和死亡。

背景:截至2021年3月,SARS-CoV2大流行已导致超过270万人死亡。感染会导致广泛的临床症状,从无症状到严重的多器官衰竭和死亡。肾脏受累日益被认为是SARS-CoV2感染的重要并发症,可导致蛋白尿、血尿和急性肾损伤(AkI)。

   肾脏受累理论上与疾病的严重程度以及相关的低灌注、缺血和肾毒素等常见危险因素平行。然而,肾脏后遗症的另一种假设与病毒对肾脏中高密度的ACE2受体的亲和力有关。据报道,25-60%的危重患者出现了与SARS-CoV2相关的AKI,包括高达37%的危重儿童。AKI与那些患有2019年冠状病毒病(COVID19)的人的预后更差有关,COVID19是由SARS-CoV2引起的疾病。最初,成人医院在新冠肺炎浪潮期间看到急性透析需求的迅速上升,但在儿科医院中没有出现这种情况。总体而言,儿童似乎不太容易受到感染和严重疾病的影响,因此有一种假设认为,儿童AKI/透析需求较低的比率与疾病严重程度有关。SARSCoV2相关AKI跨年龄段的评估以前没有报道。本研究的目的是评估各年龄段SARS-CoV2相关AKI的发病率和流行病学,并确定年龄是否是SARS-CoV2住院患者发生AKI的独立危险因素。

方法:对正在进行的前瞻性国际队列登记进行二次分析。AKI由KDIGO-肌酐标准定义。对数线性、Logistic和广义估计方程评估了AKI和死亡率的优势比(OR)、风险差异(RD)和95%可信区间(CI),调整了性别、既往并存、种族/民族、疾病严重程度和中心内的聚集性。敏感性分析评估了不同的基线肌酐估计值。

结果:6874例住院患者中,39.6%(2719例)发生AKI。AKI按年龄呈双峰分布,峰值出现在较大年龄(≥60岁)和童年中期(5-15岁),尽管控制了疾病严重程度、既往存在的合并症或不同的基线肌酐估计值,这种分布仍然存在。例如,10~15岁与30~35岁相比,SARS-CoV2住院患者发生AKI的调整OR为2.74(95%CI 1.66~4.56);70~75岁患者发生AKI的调整OR为2.31(95%CI 1.71~3.12),而40~45岁与30~35岁相比调整OR降至1.39(95%CI 0.97~2.00)。

表1 按AKI分期划分的SARS-CoV2感染患者的医院并发症

图1  SARS-CoV2患者住院前7天内发生急性KI的年龄分布。主要数字是所有住院患者中发生急性肾损伤(AKI)的每个年龄段的百分比,并进一步按病情严重程度分层。严重疾病被定义为有创通气、使用血管升压剂/肌力调节剂和/或使用体外膜氧合的综合指标。中度疾病被定义为住进重症监护病房,但没有使用上述器官支持措施。轻度疾病的定义是患者需要住院,但不在重症监护病房,并且没有使用上述器官支持措施。INSERT提供了调整后的优势比(OR),与作为参考类别的年轻人(30-35岁)相比,在住院第一周内发生AKI的可信区间(CI)为95%。根据性别、既往高血压、糖尿病、癌症、慢性肾脏疾病、种族/民族和疾病严重程度进行调整。根据KDIGO指南定义的AKI

图2  SARS-CoV2患者住院后前7天内发生急性KI的年龄分布(按是否合并合并症分层)。显示发生急性肾损伤(AKI)的住院患者在所有住院患者中的百分比,并根据是否存在任何并存疾病和没有预先存在的并存情况进行进一步分层。根据KDIGO指南定义的AKI

表2 不同定义/人群发生急性肾功能不全的调整优势比

结论:SARS-CoV2相关AKI常见,其年龄分布呈双峰分布,而已知的危险因素或混杂因素并不能完全解释这种分布。随着大流行转向对年轻人的影响不成比例,这一点值得进一步调查,因为AKI和SARS-CoV2感染的存在增加了医院死亡风险

原文出处:Bjornstad EC,  Cutter G,  Guru P, et al.SARS-CoV-2 infection increases risk of acute kidney injury in a bimodal age distribution.BMC Nephrol 2022 02 11;23(1)

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    2022-03-15 hukaixun
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    2022-03-17 小刀医生
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