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2016 中国颅颈交界区畸形诊疗专家共识

2016-07-30 中华神经外科杂志.2016,32(7):659-665.

颅颈交界区畸形致残率高,可危及生命。致病原因在于延颈髓受压和颅颈间不稳定,既有先天胚胎发育因素,又有后天病理生理学及生物力学改变的影响。在许多情况下多种畸形同时共存,表现形式多样,解剖变异复杂,给疾病的诊断和治疗带来困难,一直是国际脊柱神经外科学界的难题。 中华医学会神经外科学分会和中国医师协会神经外科医师分会基于广大国内专家的临床经验,借鉴国外文献,制定此诊疗共识。

中文标题:

2016 中国颅颈交界区畸形诊疗专家共识

发布机构:

发布日期:

2016-07-30

简要介绍:

颅颈交界区畸形(craniovertebral junction abnor—malities)是指枕骨、寰椎和枢椎骨质、软组织和(或)神经系统的异常病理改变,包括寰椎枕化(occipitalization of the atlas)、颅底凹陷(basilar invagination)、颅底压迹(basilar impression)、颅骨沉降(cranial settling)、寰枢椎脱位、扁平颅底(platybasia)、寰枢椎发育畸形、颈椎分节不全(Klippel-Feil综合征)、Chiari畸形和脊髓空洞症等。 

颅颈交界区畸形致残率高,可危及生命。致病原因在于延颈髓受压和颅颈间不稳定,既有先天胚胎发育因素,又有后天病理生理学及生物力学改变的影响。在许多情况下多种畸形同时共存,表现形式多样,解剖变异复杂,给疾病的诊断和治疗带来困难,一直是国际脊柱神经外科学界的难题。 

近年来,随着医学影像技术的发展和内固定器械的改进,颅颈交界区畸形的治疗范式不断更新和衍化,整体疗效大幅提升,个别临床中心报道治疗有效率超过90%。 

中国颅颈交界区畸形的正规治疗始于上世纪80年代,段国升、周定标等率先在国内开展经口入路齿状突/斜坡磨除术(1982年),指出后路大骨窗减压的错误做法,提出腹侧减压与颅颈稳定性并重的治疗原则;此后中国学者进行了改良前路经口术式(避免切开软、硬腭和气管)、内镜经鼻减压等多项探索,提出了多种复位方式治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位和颅底凹陷,如经口齿突韧带松解+后路枕颈复位固定术。 

前路经咽寰枢椎复位钢板内固定术、后路枕颈撑开直接复位固定术;后路:侧块关节松解复位固定术等;在复杂病变的处理上较早利用术中CT导航技术辅助前路减压或后路钉棒固定,实现手术操作的精准可控心。 

尽管如此,我国目前的治疗现状仍欠规范,多项技术仍需进一步推广。鉴此,中华医学会神经外科学分会和中国医师协会神经外科医师分会基于广大国内专家的临床经验,借鉴国外文献,制定此诊疗共识。

制定者: 
中华医学会神经外科学分会 
中国医师协会神经外科医师分会


拓展指南:畸形相关指南:

相关资料下载:
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    2020-08-30 zuangedong

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    2016-08-27 zibozhouping

    先下手为强?,学习学习,参考相关知识

    0

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    2016-08-20 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-08-20 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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