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Front Immunol:用细胞因子模式可以评价儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症的临床状况和亚型

2022-03-22 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症是一种危及生命的疾病,表现为严重的炎症反应引起的多器官功能障碍。过度激活的细胞毒性T细胞和巨噬细胞以及铺天盖地的细胞因子风暴导致了致命的结果。

背景:噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症是一种危及生命的疾病,表现为严重的炎症反应引起的多器官功能障碍。过度激活的细胞毒性T细胞和巨噬细胞以及铺天盖地的细胞因子风暴导致了致命的结果。由于高细胞分裂素血症在HLH发病中起关键作用,我们自2005年起对儿童HLH患者进行了血清Th1/Th2细胞因子检测,并报告了IFN-γ和IL-10水平显著升高和IL-6水平轻微升高的细胞因子模式对儿童HLH的高度特异性。在儿科血液肿瘤科发热患者中,当IFN-γ>75pg/m l、IL-10>60pg/m l时,诊断HLH的灵敏度和特异度均高于90%。这种细胞因子模式已被推荐用于继发性HLH和感染的鉴别诊断。此外,细胞因子如IFN-γ和IL-10与器官损害的严重程度和预后密切相关,它们已被用作危险分层和治疗选择的重要生物标志物。然而,随着越来越多的人促黄体生成素的积累,我们发现并非所有的人促黄体生成素患者都呈现出上述细胞因子模式。例如,X连锁淋巴增生性疾病(XLP)和STAT1功能获得突变的患者表现出低水平的IL-10和IFN-γ。最近的一份报告还显示,由不同基础疾病引起的HLHS患者的IL-6、IL-10和IFN-γ水平也不同。因此,有必要澄清不同亚型的HLH是否呈现不同的细胞因子模式,以提高这项测试的诊断准确性。

   由于HLH进展迅速,为了挽救生命,早期开始治疗势在必行。当或甚至在HLH诊断作出之前,通常需要决定是否使用HLH-94方案的成分,包括依托泊苷。然而,由于不同亚型HLH的治疗策略不同,在潜在原因尚不确定的情况下,选择可行的治疗方案是临床医生面临的一大挑战。由于细胞因子的模式和水平可以提供快速(采血后<5小时)关于HLH诊断、严重程度甚至亚型的信息,当需要快速决定最初的HLH治疗时,它可能是一个有用的评估工具。

噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症是一种由免疫失调引起的快速致死性疾病。为了挽救生命,必须尽早开始治疗。然而,目前尚缺乏一种可用于快速评估HLH亚型和临床情况的实验室方法。我们以前的研究表明,细胞因子如IFN-γ和IL-10有助于HLH的早期诊断,并与疾病的严重程度有关。本研究的目的是阐明不同亚型的细胞因子在儿童HLH型中的不同模式,并探讨细胞因子在简单评估疾病特征中的作用。

目的:在此,我们调查了2010年1月至2020年12月在我所初诊为HLH的儿科患者的临床资料,旨在探讨HLH不同亚型的细胞因子模式以及细胞因子在评估疾病特征中的作用。

患者和方法:我们招募了256名新诊断为HLH的儿科患者。收集临床表现和实验室检查结果,并比较不同亚型的HLH值。建立一个整合细胞因子的模型,将HLH患者分为不同的临床组。

结果:27例确诊为原发性HLH型,179例诊断为EBV-HLH型,50例为其他原因。IL-6、IL-10和IFN-γ水平及IL-10/IFN-γ比值在EBV-HLH、其他感染相关HLH、恶性肿瘤相关HLH、家族性HLH和X连锁淋巴增生性疾病之间存在差异。IL-10/IFN-γ比值>1.33,IFN-γ-≤浓度>225pg/ml者,其敏感性为73%,特异性为84%。建立了基于两个分界值的四象限模型,将患者分成不同的临床情况。四个象限的HLH亚型、细胞因子水平、治疗方案、治疗反应和预后不同,8周死亡率从2.9±2.9%降至21.4±5.5%,5年总生存率从93.9±4.2%降至52.6±7.1%。

图1 细胞因子水平和细胞因子模式。(A)HLH中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α和IFN-γ水平的盒和须图。每个细胞因子的中位数水平(线条)、第25到75%百分位数(框)和最小到最大值(胡须)都会显示出来。这些数字是每种细胞因子的中位数和范围。(B)基于IL-6、IL-10和IFN-γ的不同形式的HLH的不同细胞因子模式。每个细胞因子的中位数水平(线条)、第25至75个百分位数(方框)和第5至95个百分位数(胡须)都显示出来。(C)不同亚型HLH5年总生存期(OS)的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。I-HLH,由EBV以外的病原体引发的感染相关HLH;M-HLH,恶性肿瘤相关HLH;FHL,家族性HLH;XLP,X连锁淋巴组织增生性疾病。

表1 不同形式的促黄体生成素的细胞因子水平和比率。

图2:原发性促黄体生成素与继发性促黄体生成素的区别。(A)用IL-10/干扰素-g比值预测PHLH的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。(B)用IFN-γ水平预测sHLH的ROC曲线。

表2 在四象限模型中位于不同象限的HLH患者的临床特征。

结论:不同亚型的HLH表现出不同的细胞因子模式。IFN-γ和IL-10/IFN-γ比值是鉴别HLH亚型的有用指标。基于这两个参数的四象限模型是一种简单评估HLH情况的有用工具。

原文出处:Xu XJ,  Luo ZB,  Song H, et al.Simple Evaluation of Clinical Situation and Subtypes of Pediatric Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis by Cytokine Patterns.Front Immunol 2022;13

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