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孙英贤:ESH/ESC高血压管理指南要点解读

2013-08-10 MedSci MedSci原创

    6月份,ESH和ESC联合公布了高血压管理指南,在第二届中国基层心血管病大会上,中国医科大学附属第一医院的孙英贤教授对该指南的要点进行了解读。详细内容如下:       新指南回答了高血压治疗领域的一些热点问题     新的血压指标是否可以取代诊室血压金标准的地位?

    6月份,ESH和ESC联合公布了高血压管理指南(ESH/ESC 2013动脉高血压管理指南),在第二届中国基层心血管病大会上,中国医科大学附属第一医院的孙英贤教授对该指南的要点进行了解读。详细内容如下:
 


    新指南回答了高血压治疗领域的一些热点问题

    新的血压指标是否可以取代诊室血压金标准的地位?

    高血压患者心血管危险分层的关键指标是什么?

    应何时启动高血压药物干预?

    高血压治疗合理的目标血压是多少?

    首选药物的理念是否合理?

    如何更好地控制血压?

    特殊人群如何降压治疗?

    新指南强调整体心血管风险是降压治疗决策的基础

    无症状高血压患者、不伴CVD、CKD或糖尿病的患者,采用SCORE模型评估整体心血管风险是最基本的要求(Ⅰ,B);

    证据显示靶器官损害可独立于SCORE评分独立预测心血管死亡,因此,高血压患者、特别是中危患者应考虑检查靶器官损害(Ⅱa,B);

    建议根据初始的整体心血管风险决定抗高血压治疗策略(Ⅰ,B)。

    新指南将肥胖作为心血管风险分层的危险因素之一,与2007版高血压管理指南相比,新指南只新增了肥胖这一危险因素。

    新指南高度重视高血压患者治疗全程的肾功能评估

    在2013版指南具有高度实用、高度妥协的特点,整个指南中只有2处达成所有专家完全一致的Ⅰ级推荐:高血压患者应进行准确的肾脏功能评估及高血压患者应进行全面的生活方式改变。

    高血压治疗合理的目标血压是多少?

    2013版高血压管理指南推荐的大多数高血压患者的目标血压为140/90 mm Hg,最显著的变化就是,高危/极高危患者降压目标值<140/90 mm Hg.

    单纯或非老年高血压患者,血压控制在1300-140之间带来更多获益,而高危高血压患者血压可能存在J曲线。

    <80的老年患者,SBP≥160mmHg ,应降至150-140mmHg(I A),如能耐受可降至<140mmHg(IIb C)

    ≥80的老年患者,SBP≥160mmHg ,应降至150-140mmHg(I B)

    糖尿病患者DBP推荐降至<85mmHg(I A)

    新的选药思路

    新指南对五大类药物给予了同等的推荐:降压获益来自降压本身,很大程度上不依赖于使用何种药物。最大规模的荟萃分析没有显示药物类别差异能带来相关的临床 预后差异。新指南再次明确推荐者五类药物无论是单用还是与其他药物联用,都适用于高血压的初始及维持治疗(I A)。

    在有效降压的前提下,不同类别的降压药都有减少心血管事件风险的能力。最重要的是明确针对什么样的患者,在什么条件下推荐选择什么药的治疗方案,从而使患者能得到适宜的最佳药物治疗。

其它解读:

2013 ESH 高血压指南的18个更新要点

ESH高血压管理指南深度解读:领悟精髓 择善而从

2013年ESH/ESC动脉高血压治疗指南新要点


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