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PNAS:CD8T细胞也有“生物钟”,免疫反应效率大不同

2019-09-28 顾露露 生物探索

人体的免疫系统就是我们“防卫网络”,当发现入侵者时它就会不断发出警报。这些入侵者要么是不同的感染性微生物(病毒、细菌、寄生虫),要么是已经癌变的自身细胞。而其中一种免疫细胞——CD8 T淋巴细胞是对抗感染和癌症的关键细胞,其对异源成分的识别会引发多种免疫反应,从而消除病原体或癌细胞。

人体的免疫系统就是我们“防卫网络”,当发现入侵者时它就会不断发出警报。这些入侵者要么是不同的感染性微生物(病毒、细菌、寄生虫),要么是已经癌变的自身细胞。而其中一种免疫细胞——CD8 T淋巴细胞是对抗感染和癌症的关键细胞,其对异源成分的识别会引发多种免疫反应,从而消除病原体或癌细胞。

我们知道,机体的许多方面都存在24小时(昼夜节律)节律:睡眠-觉醒周期、进食、激素、体温等。这些昼夜节律使生物体能够很好地适应环境的周期性变化(昼夜周期,季节)。昼夜节律是由生物钟产生的,生物钟由“时钟基因”组成,会影响大多数器官和细胞。这当中就包括我们免疫系统的细胞,其功能在白天和黑夜中都会变化。

近日,根据《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)杂志上发表的一项研究,生物钟会影响免疫反应的效力。也就是说,以CD8 T细胞为例,它们的功能因时间差异而大不相同。

这项研究是由加拿大道格拉斯研究中心的Nicolas Cermakian博士和Maisonneuve-Rosemont医院研究中心的Nathalie Labrecque博士领导的研究小组所进行的。

在早期的研究中,该团队已经证明,T细胞对异物的反应或多或少取决于时段,但生物钟在这一现象中的作用仍未可知。研究人员使用小鼠模型观察到,接种疫苗后,CD8 T细胞的反应强度随时间而变化。相反,CD8 T细胞在缺乏时钟基因的小鼠中,这种昼夜节律被消除了,白天对疫苗的反应也减弱了。



这项研究表明,T细胞更容易在一天的特定时间被激活。确定生物钟调节T细胞反应的机制将有助于更好地理解调节T细胞最佳反应的过程。这一知识将帮助改进疫苗接种策略和癌症免疫治疗。

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    2020-02-14 drwjr
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