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Hypertension:儿童期高血压导致成年早期认知能力下降

2019-02-15 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

中度高血压同样会对儿童大脑发育产生不良影响,这些发现对分析原发性高血压对患者儿童期及以后阶段认知能力的影响具有重要意义。研究证明,早期高血压可导致儿童期和中年期较差的认知能力,研究结果发表于近期的Hypertention杂志。

目前,儿童原发性高血压发病率呈显著上升趋势,与儿童肥胖的流行情况一致。针对学校开展的筛查研究显示,目前,美国高血压发病率为2%~4%,在超重儿童中发病率达10%。鉴于美国青少年肥胖率约20%,故高血压儿童的数量相当可观。原发性高血压发病率令人震惊,这会对青少年个体靶器官损害(TOD)的短期进展和高血压相关疾病长期发展均产生重大影响。青少年高血压通常表现为靶器官损害对血管系统的不良影响,包括左心室肥厚、颈动脉增厚和动脉硬化等症状。近期证据显示,中度高血压同样会对儿童大脑发育产生不良影响,这些发现对分析原发性高血压对患者儿童期及以后阶段认知能力的影响具有重要意义。研究证明,早期高血压可导致儿童期和中年期较差的认知能力,研究结果发表于近期的Hypertention杂志。

早期原发性高血压与认知能力

既往研究显示,成年早期高血压与此后中年期认知功能存在关联。在此基础上,我们有理由认为,儿童和青少年期出现高血压,也会影响成年期的认知能力。在首先发表的关于血压对年轻成人认知能力影响的相关研究中,Maine-Syracuse纵向研究超过20年的随访结果确定,在纳入的年轻组(平均年龄34.9岁,范围18~46岁)和年长组(平均年龄58.1岁,范围47~83岁)两类人群共529例受试者中,血压升高可导致认知能力下降。受试者接受神经认知测试,第1年测试后平均5年测试一次,共测试4次。研究人员按照血压<105 mm Hg或≥105 mm Hg将年轻组和年长组的受试者进行分层,并预计受试者认知能力在20年内呈现下降趋势(如图)。比较不同血压对认知能力的影响,尽管范围相对较小,与平均动脉压较低的受试者相比,无论年轻或年长,平均动脉压较高的受试者认知功能下降程度更显著。研究人员认为,上述结果表明,与年长患者相同,年轻高血压患者也易出现血压相关认知能力纵向下降的情况,且这种认知能力下降在成年早期已出现。

原始出处:
Marc B. Lande, Juan C. Kupferman. Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents. Hypertension. 2019;73:532–540.

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    2019-02-15 orangesking

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