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Nature:微生物群落的平衡性决定自身免疫疾病是否发生

2012-04-14 T.Shen 生物谷

银屑病,特定的真菌可以激活和一定免疫疾病有关系的免疫细胞的功能,而另外一些微生物,尤其是存在于人类皮肤上的细菌,可以起到抗炎症的作用。(Credit: © quayside / Fotolia) Copyright ©版权归生物谷所有,若未得到Bioon授权,请勿转载。 当对机体有益的微生物正常工作的时候,和自身免疫疾病如银屑病等相关免疫细胞便会主动起到抗炎症的功效,近日,

银屑病,特定的真菌可以激活和一定免疫疾病有关系的免疫细胞的功能,而另外一些微生物,尤其是存在于人类皮肤上的细菌,可以起到抗炎症的作用。(Credit: © quayside / Fotolia)

Copyright ©版权归生物谷所有,若未得到Bioon授权,请勿转载。

当对机体有益的微生物正常工作的时候,和自身免疫疾病如银屑病等相关免疫细胞便会主动起到抗炎症的功效,近日,来自瑞士的科学家通过研究发现,特定的真菌可以激活和一定免疫疾病有关系的免疫细胞的功能,而另外一些微生物,尤其是存在于人类皮肤上的细菌,可以起到抗炎症的作用。

研究者Christina Zielinski表示,混合的微生物群在慢性疾病的发展过程中起到了一种决定性的作用,而且引起疾病的关键细胞也可以发展成为抗炎细胞。相关的研究成果刊登在了近日的国际杂志Nature上。研究者识别出了和致病的或者抗炎性免疫细胞相关的基本信号分子,这种信号分子在白细胞介素1β中被发现。信号分子存在的时候,自身免疫的免疫细胞会发生功能性的破坏以及释放相应的炎性信使物质;如果信号分子缺失,免疫细胞将会成熟变成抗炎性相似物。更有意思的是,这还是我们机体的微生物决定白细胞介素1β是否产生并且可以决定模式的选择。

目前所发现的显现可以促使研究者去寻找患有过度产生白细胞介素1β的病人,这些病人是自体免疫系统并发症的患者,尤其是孩子,经常遭受多重的症状,比如发烧、关节炎和皮疹等。这些病症的发展无人能够解释。研究者们检测了抗体封堵白细胞介素1β的方法是否能够在免疫细胞中产生抗炎潜力,事实上,引入这种治疗方法后,免疫细胞可以产生炎症延迟信使分子,并且产生记忆,在长时间内释放信使分子物质。

研究者Christina Zielinski表示,我们确定,微生物群落的不平衡性对于诸如风湿、银屑病等慢性炎性疾病有一种决定性的影响。我们有机体携带的细菌是人体机体细胞的10倍以上,如何维持其平衡性并不容易,白细胞介素1β如今被证明是一个决定性的分析开关,微生物可以用此开关来指挥机体是健康状态还是发病状态。研究者认为通过阻断分子物质来治疗炎性疾病未来将非常有潜力,相比其它免疫治疗方法来说,这种免疫治疗方法可以促使细胞转变成抗炎细胞,而不是失去抵御疾病的能力。(生物谷:T.Shen编译)

Copyright ©版权归生物谷所有,若未得到Bioon授权,请勿转载。

doi:10.1038/nature10957
PMC:
PMID:

Pathogen-induced human TH17 cells produce IFN-γ or IL-10 and are regulated by IL-1β

Christina E. Zielinski,1 Federico Mele,1 Dominik Aschenbrenner,1 David Jarrossay,1 Francesca Ronchi,1 Marco Gattorno,2 Silvia Monticelli,1 Antonio Lanzavecchia1, 3 & Federica Sallusto1

IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17) have been extensively investigated in mouse models of autoimmunity1. However, the requirements for differentiation and the properties of pathogen-induced human TH17 cells remain poorly defined. Using an approach that combines the in vitro priming of naive T cells with the ex vivo analysis of memory T cells, we describe here two types of human TH17 cells with distinct effector function and differentiation requirements. Candida albicans-specific TH17 cells produced IL-17 and IFN-γ, but no IL-10, whereas Staphylococcus aureus-specific TH17 cells produced IL-17 and could produce IL-10 upon restimulation. IL-6, IL-23 and IL-1β contributed to TH17 differentiation induced by both pathogens, but IL-1β was essential in C. albicans-induced TH17 differentiation to counteract the inhibitory activity of IL-12 and to prime IL-17/IFN-γ double-producing cells. In addition, IL-1β inhibited IL-10 production in differentiating and in memory TH17 cells, whereas blockade of IL-1β in vivo led to increased IL-10 production by memory TH17 cells. We also show that, after restimulation, TH17 cells transiently downregulated IL-17 production through a mechanism that involved IL-2-induced activation of STAT5 and decreased expression of ROR-γt. Taken together these findings demonstrate that by eliciting different cytokines C. albicans and S. aureus prime TH17 cells that produce either IFN-γ or IL-10, and identify IL-1β and IL-2 as pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators of TH17 cells both at priming and in the effector phase.

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    2012-09-24 liye789132251
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