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BMJ:富含亚油酸饮食并不能降低心脏疾病,也不优于饱和脂肪饮食

2016-04-14 MedSci MedSci原创

该研究的目的是通过一项系统回顾和荟萃分析,回顾和分析明尼苏达冠状动脉实验(MCE)先前未发表的数据,来调查传统饮食-心脏假说,并把调查结果放到现有饮食—心脏随机对照试验的背景中。

该研究的目的是通过一项系统回顾和荟萃分析,回顾和分析明尼苏达冠状动脉实验(MCE)先前未发表的数据,来调查传统饮食-心脏假说,并把调查结果放到现有饮食—心脏随机对照试验的背景中。

MCE试验(1968年至1973年)是一项双盲随机对照试验,旨在测试通过含有丰富的亚油酸植物油置换饱和脂肪是否可以通过降低血清胆固醇来降低冠状动脉心脏疾病和死亡现象。来自美国的研究人员根据原来的研究者指定的MCE未发表的文件和原始数据进行了分析。此外,研究人员通过提供富含亚油酸的植物油代替饱和脂肪来降低血清胆固醇的随机对照试验进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析,没有混杂其他的干预措施。

该研究在美国明尼苏达州的一家疗养院和六家精神病院进行。研究人员对9423名20-97岁的男性和女性的随机队列未发表的文件进行了完整的分析;接受研究饮食一年以上的2355名参与者具有血清胆固醇的纵向数据;149例完成尸检档案。

通过亚油酸(来自于玉米油和玉米油的多不饱和人造奶油)取代饱和脂肪来达到降低血清胆固醇的饮食的目标。对照饮食的饱和脂肪含量较高,来自于动物脂肪,常见的人造黄油和酥油。

主要结果指标为各种原因导致的死亡;血清胆固醇和死亡的变化之间的关联;通过尸检发现的冠状动脉粥样硬化和心肌梗。

与对照组相比,干预组血清胆固醇含量显著降低(平均基线变化-13.8% vs -1.0%;P<0.001)。卡普兰-迈耶图显示,在完全随机队列或任何亚组的干预组中无任何死亡益处。在调整协变量Cox回归模型中,血清胆固醇每减少30mg/dL(0.78mmol/L),死亡风险则增加22%(危害比1.22,95%置信区间1.14至1.32;P<0.001)。没有证据表明干预组的冠状动脉粥样硬化或心肌梗死有任何益处。五个随机对照试验被纳入系统评价中(n=10808)。在荟萃分析中,这些降低胆固醇的干预措施没有表现出冠状动脉心脏疾病死亡(1.13,0.83〜1.54)或全因死亡(1.07,0.90〜1.27)的任何益处。

随机对照试验获得的证据表明,在饮食中通过富含亚油酸的饮食替代饱和脂肪饮食可以有效地降低血清胆固醇含量,但并不支持因此降低冠状动脉心脏疾病或各种原因死亡风险的假说。来自明尼苏达冠脉实验结果增加了不完整发表的证据,以前的研究中高估了通过含有丰富的亚油酸的植物油代替饱和脂肪的好处。

原始出处:

Christopher E Ramsden,Daisy Zamora, Sharon Majchrzak-Hong,et al.Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis,BMJ,2016.4.13

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1754005, encodeId=5b051e540059e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7562426580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚油酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24265, encryptionId=c7562426580, topicName=亚油酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c3136632776, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 09:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847956, encodeId=8c02184e956fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Feb 21 22:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141015, encodeId=426014101589, content=文章真心很好,感谢作者, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 06 13:59:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78735, encodeId=61eae8735a1, content=希望看到最新的相关研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 16 14:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395354, encodeId=e02313953540a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=562b51588e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51588, encryptionId=562b51588e6, topicName=心脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49022500195, createdName=12498e0fm78暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 03:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1579957, encodeId=ff8015e995738, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65f0101268d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饱和脂肪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101268, encryptionId=65f0101268d6, topicName=饱和脂肪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0db16571375, createdName=斯嘉莉, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 03:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78637, encodeId=33b6e863739, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Apr 15 22:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-15 lingqf
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1754005, encodeId=5b051e540059e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7562426580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚油酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24265, encryptionId=c7562426580, topicName=亚油酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c3136632776, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 09:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847956, encodeId=8c02184e956fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Feb 21 22:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141015, encodeId=426014101589, content=文章真心很好,感谢作者, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 06 13:59:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78735, encodeId=61eae8735a1, content=希望看到最新的相关研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 16 14:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395354, encodeId=e02313953540a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=562b51588e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51588, encryptionId=562b51588e6, topicName=心脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49022500195, createdName=12498e0fm78暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 03:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1579957, encodeId=ff8015e995738, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65f0101268d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饱和脂肪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101268, encryptionId=65f0101268d6, topicName=饱和脂肪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0db16571375, createdName=斯嘉莉, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 03:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78637, encodeId=33b6e863739, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Apr 15 22:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-21 gaoxiaoe
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1754005, encodeId=5b051e540059e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7562426580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚油酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24265, encryptionId=c7562426580, topicName=亚油酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c3136632776, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 09:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847956, encodeId=8c02184e956fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Feb 21 22:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141015, encodeId=426014101589, content=文章真心很好,感谢作者, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 06 13:59:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78735, encodeId=61eae8735a1, content=希望看到最新的相关研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 16 14:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395354, encodeId=e02313953540a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=562b51588e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51588, encryptionId=562b51588e6, topicName=心脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49022500195, createdName=12498e0fm78暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 03:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1579957, encodeId=ff8015e995738, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65f0101268d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饱和脂肪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101268, encryptionId=65f0101268d6, topicName=饱和脂肪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0db16571375, createdName=斯嘉莉, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 03:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=78637, encodeId=33b6e863739, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Apr 15 22:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-06 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真心很好,感谢作者

    0

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    2016-04-16 1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称)

    希望看到最新的相关研究

    0

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    2016-04-15 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

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