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教科书上学不到的临床经验和教训

2016-12-31 肿瘤时间 肿瘤时间

临床上很多的经验和教训是教科书上学不到的,所以更弥足珍贵。点点都是积累,滴滴是成长。一呕血不一定是消化道出血一位当地医院诊断为肝硬化/原发性肝癌患者出现「呕血」,考虑食管-胃底静脉曲张或急性胃黏膜病变出血,在当地医院保守治疗无效,以「急性消化道出血」转入我科。入科后值班查体时发现患者「吐出」的血非常新鲜,且小量持续的「呕吐」。向主任汇报,主任指示「仔细检查口腔」,结果发现患者右侧扁桃体 II 度肿

临床上很多的经验和教训是教科书上学不到的,所以更弥足珍贵。点点都是积累,滴滴是成长。


一呕血不一定是消化道出血
一位当地医院诊断为肝硬化/原发性肝癌患者出现「呕血」,考虑食管-胃底静脉曲张或急性胃黏膜病变出血,在当地医院保守治疗无效,以「急性消化道出血」转入我科。

入科后值班查体时发现患者「吐出」的血非常新鲜,且小量持续的「呕吐」。向主任汇报,主任指示「仔细检查口腔」,结果发现患者右侧扁桃体 II 度肿大,表面糜烂大面积渗血,急请五官科会诊。
初诊为扁桃体出血-扁桃体癌?遂行手术治疗,术后血止,病理为扁桃体癌。
二咯血不一定是出血
首先回顾一下肿瘤科大咯血的一般处理→肿瘤科常见急重症处理之:大咯血。临床上还有一些貌似咯血,实则不然的病例。
1 胸外科一名食管癌术后 2 天的病人,术后一直很平稳,胃肠减压(通过右鼻孔)引出暗红色血液,量不多。有咳嗽,无咳痰,无咯血。

患者夜间突然出现咯血,为鲜红色带泡沫血痰。胃肠减压量 2 小时增加了 200 mL。血性液颜色较为新鲜。左鼻孔出血,也为鲜红色血液。
用了止血药病人还是出血不止。
是呕血?还是咯血?考虑吻合口出血,于是急诊行胃镜检查阴性。
值班一名老护士说:「病人会不会有鼻出血?下胃管时,很费力。」于是立即请耳鼻喉科会诊,结果发现是后鼻道出血,给予填塞止血。止血有效。
2 一肺癌病人,入院后给予了肺部穿刺定性;病人术后恢复良好,无不适。给予紫杉醇类药物化疗,同时给予了地米、甲瓜、格拉思琼等减轻药物毒副反应。
用药 2 天后,患者出现咳血,余体征无异常;考虑给予肺部辅助检查以排除手术部位或肿瘤出血可能。
家属说这两天老人脸也发红,想到患者正口服地塞米松 7.5 mg Bid。予停药后咳血消失。
三结核、肺癌可以并发
一老年男性,右肺上叶有一团块影,开胸肺活检病理诊断为肺结核,但抗结核治疗 2 个月无效,病灶增大,行肺活检病理诊断为肺癌。
四左肺舌叶病变要高度警惕肿瘤
九年前,收治了一名患者,影像学表现为左肺舌叶环形不规则阴影,会诊有说结核的、有说肿瘤的。
其中一名教授说:「右肺中叶病变肿瘤少见,多为结核或炎症,但八成左肺舌叶病变要高度考虑肿瘤,尽快手术吧。」最后病人未采纳,采取了保守的抗结核治疗,结果半年后复查胸片心包转移了。

去年收治一病人,50岁,有糖尿病,影像学表现为左肺舌叶近侧胸壁一斑片状不规则阴影,抗炎治疗无变化,又做了两次经皮肺活检均提示炎症并倾向于结核,我不死心,说服患者家属将病人转往另一家三甲医院,又做了两次经皮肺活检,最后确诊肺腺癌。
五关节疼痛警惕癌转移
在内科急诊工作时,遇到一 70 岁老年男性患者,述关节疼痛、低热。体检见双侧腕关节红肿,上肢散在皮下结节,诊为风湿性关节炎。
翌日偶查房时见到呼吸科熟人顺便请他看过该病人。主任问过病史及目前考虑疾病后问:「见过 70 岁才发的风湿性关节炎吗?」
一语惊醒,遂查胸片,诊断为中央型肺癌-肺性骨关节病。

癌症以骨症状为首发表现的,我还遇到过两例。
65 岁男性,肩部酸痛数月,半夜尤甚。卫生院按肩周炎治疗效果不佳。来我院胸片检查确诊肺癌。

35 岁男性,自觉右肩部疼痛剧烈。查胸片,右肩关节片均正常。CT 胸部扫描未见异常。考虑患者有家族性乙肝病史,做肝脏 B 超及活检证实「肝癌」。3 个月去世。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940267, encodeId=5d67194026edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de9022964a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床经验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22964, encryptionId=de9022964a5, topicName=临床经验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 12:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190952, encodeId=19401909524f, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 27 06:16:53 CST 2017, time=2017-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190883, encodeId=5630190883bf, content=感谢分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Wed Apr 26 23:51:28 CST 2017, time=2017-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167181, encodeId=230616e18140, content=学习了,很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=03b01995244, createdName=逗号句号, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 09:06:33 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167102, encodeId=20dd16e10273, content=总结的不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=83561965054, createdName=1e147e00m93(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Dec 31 23:04:45 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-27 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940267, encodeId=5d67194026edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de9022964a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床经验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22964, encryptionId=de9022964a5, topicName=临床经验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 12:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190952, encodeId=19401909524f, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 27 06:16:53 CST 2017, time=2017-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190883, encodeId=5630190883bf, content=感谢分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Wed Apr 26 23:51:28 CST 2017, time=2017-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167181, encodeId=230616e18140, content=学习了,很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=03b01995244, createdName=逗号句号, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 09:06:33 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167102, encodeId=20dd16e10273, content=总结的不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=83561965054, createdName=1e147e00m93(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Dec 31 23:04:45 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-26 laymankey

    感谢分享一下!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940267, encodeId=5d67194026edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de9022964a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床经验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22964, encryptionId=de9022964a5, topicName=临床经验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 12:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190952, encodeId=19401909524f, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 27 06:16:53 CST 2017, time=2017-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190883, encodeId=5630190883bf, content=感谢分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Wed Apr 26 23:51:28 CST 2017, time=2017-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167181, encodeId=230616e18140, content=学习了,很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=03b01995244, createdName=逗号句号, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 09:06:33 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167102, encodeId=20dd16e10273, content=总结的不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=83561965054, createdName=1e147e00m93(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Dec 31 23:04:45 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-01 逗号句号

    学习了,很有用

    0

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    2016-12-31 1e147e00m93(暂无匿称)

    总结的不错

    0

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